Presence of comorbidities alters management and worsens outcome of patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome: insights from the LUNG SAFE study

Annals of Intensive Care

Table 2 Multivariate logistic regression model of factors associated with the use of any adjunctive measures within 28-day follow-up

Variable	OR	95% CI	p
Age	0.99	0.98–1.00	0.001
Comorbidity
Chronic respiratory impairment	0.99	0.79–1.24	0.916
Congestive heart failure	1.20	0.89–1.62	0.241
Chronic renal failure	1.01	0.75–1.38	0.927
Chronic liver failure	0.65	0.41–1.03	0.069
Immune incompetence	1.27	1.02–1.57	0.030
Diabetes	1.28	1.03–1.57	0.027
Clinical recognition at baseline	1.66	1.38–2.00	< 0.001
Invasive mechanical ventilation (Ref. No.)	1.86	1.37–2.52	< 0.001
PaO₂/FiO₂ (for each 10 mmHg)	0.95	0.93–0.96	< 0.001
PIP	1.03	1.02–1.04	< 0.001
PEEP	1.15	1.12–1.19	< 0.001
High-income RW (vs Europe)	0.40	0.32–0.50	< 0.001
Middle-income countries (vs Europe)	0.78	0.62–0.98	0.030

Sample size, n = 2654
BMI body mass index, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure, PIP peak inspiratory pressure, RR respiratory rate, RW rest of the world