Fig. 4From: Physiological effects of high-intensity versus low-intensity noninvasive positive pressure ventilation in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a randomised controlled triala ΔPes, b PTPes/breath, c PTPes/min, and d PTPes/L within 24 h after randomisation. Values are individuals, means, and standard errors. ΔPes inspiratory oesophageal pressure swing, NPPV noninvasive positive pressure ventilation, PTPes oesophageal pressure–time productBack to article page