Table 1 Demographic and clinical characteristics of study patients after matching
Total (n = 132) | IH + IV polymyxin B (n = 44) | IV polymyxin B (n = 88) | p value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, mean years ± SD | 65 ± 17 | 67 ± 17 | 64 ± 17 | 0.317 |
Sex, n (%) | 103(78.0) | 34(77.3) | 69(78.4) | 0.882 |
Etiology, n (%) | ||||
Acute respiratory failure | 54(40.9) | 13(29.5) | 41(46.6) | 0.060 |
Multiple trauma | 27(20.5) | 15(34.1) | 12(13.6) | 0.006 |
Postoperative | 31(23.5) | 6(13.6) | 25(28.4) | 0.059 |
Acute pancreatitis | 12(9.1) | 7 (15.9) | 6(6.8) | 0.108 |
Others | 9 (6.8) | 4(9.1) | 5(5.7) | 0.714 |
Cause of ICU admission, n (%) | ||||
Medical | 73(55.3) | 23(52.3) | 50(56.8) | 0.620 |
Surgical | 59(44.7) | 21(47.7) | 38(43.2) | |
Comorbidities, n (%) | ||||
Cardiovascular disease | 50(37.9) | 19(43.2) | 31(35.2) | 0.374 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 34(25.8) | 7(15.9) | 27(30.7) | 0.067 |
Chronic pulmonary disease | 15(11.4) | 5(11.4) | 10(11.4) | > 0.999 |
Chronic liver disease | 5(3.8) | 1(2.3) | 4(4.5) | 0.519 |
Diabetes mellitus | 21(15.9) | 9(20.5) | 12(13.6) | 0.313 |
Chronic kidney disease | 20(15.2) | 5(11.4) | 15(17.0) | 0.391 |
Solid tumor | 11(8.3) | 5(11.4) | 6(6.8) | 0.373 |
Hematological malignancies | 7(5.3) | 4(9.1) | 3(3.4) | 0.170 |
Neutropenia | 4(3.0) | 2(4.5) | 2(2.3) | 0.473 |
HIV | 1(0.8) | 0(0) | 1(1.1) | 0.478 |
Charlson comorbidity index | 2 ± 2 | 2 ± 1 | 2 ± 2 | 0.266 |
Immunosuppressive status, n (%) | 20(15.2) | 9(20.5) | 11(12.5) | 0.230 |
Responsible pathogens, n (%) | ||||
XDR Escherichia coli | 4(3.0) | 0(0.0) | 4(4.5) | 0.369 |
XDR Klebsiella pneumoniae | 63(47.7) | 31(70.5) | 32(36.4) | < 0.001 |
XDR Acinetobacter baumannii | 53 (40.2) | 9(20.5) | 44 (50.0) | 0.001 |
XDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 12(9.1) | 4(9.1) | 8(9.1) | > 0.999 |
Combination of other antibiotics | 76(57.6) | 24(54.5) | 52(59.1) | 0.618 |
Severity of disease | ||||
SOFA score, mean scores ± SD | 8 ± 4 | 9 ± 4 | 8 ± 4 | 0.308 |
APACHE II score, mean scores ± SD | 19 ± 6 | 18 ± 7 | 20 ± 5 | 0.265 |
Bacteremia, n (%) | 26(19.7) | 8(18.2) | 18(20.5) | 0.757 |
Sepsis or septic shock, n (%) | 74(56.1) | 24(54.5) | 50(56.8) | 0.764 |
Single maintenance dose of Intravenous polymyxin B, mg/kg, median (IQR) | 1.0(1.0, 1.5) | 1.0(1.0, 1.25) | 1.0(1.0, 1.5) | 0.563 |
Frequency of intravenous polymyxin B, median (IQR) | 2.0(2.0,2.0) | 2.0(2.0,2.0) | 2.0(2.0,2.0) | – |
Loading dose of intravenous polymyxin B, mg/kg, median (IQR) | 2.0(1.7,2.1) | 2.0(1.8,2.1) | 2.0(1.7,2.0) | 0.652 |
Dose of inhaled polymyxin B, mg/kg, median (IQR) | – | 1.82(1.04,2.0) | – | |
Duration of polymyxin B therapy, mean days ± SD | 11 ± 8 | 10 ± 7 | 12 ± 9 | 0.090 |
History of antibiotics within 7 days, n (%) | 113(85.6) | 38(86.4) | 75(85.2) | 0.861 |
History of glucocorticoid within 7 days, n (%) | 41(31.1) | 16(36.4) | 25(28.4) | 0.352 |
Length of hospitalization, median (IQR) | 33(20, 55) | 35(23, 55) | 33(18, 54) | 0.647 |
Length of ICU stay, median (IQR) | 27(16, 41) | 25(16, 37) | 29(15, 47) | 0.808 |
Duration of mechanical ventilation, median (IQR) | 18(11, 30) | 18(9, 28) | 18(11, 32) | 0.827 |