Table 1 Patient characteristics of the cohort

Preoperative

Age, years

69 [60- 76]

68 [60- 76]

70 [61–77]

< 0.001

0.121

Male gender, n (%)

3487 (69)

2407 (70)

1080 (67)

0.069

0.055

BMI, kg m⁻²

27.4 [24.3–30.7]

27.6 [24.5–30.8]

26.8 [23.8–30.5]

< 0.001

0.057

Medical history, n (%)

 Hypertension

2,815 (56)

1,925 (56)

890 (56)

0.801

0.08

 Coronary disease

598 (11)

385 (11)

213 (13)

0.031

0.033

 Diabetes

984 (20)

690 (20)

294 (18)

0.157

0.043

 Dyslipidemia

381 (8)

274 (8)

107 (7)

0.109

0.049

 Chronic kidney disease

224 (4)

126 (4)

98 (6)

< 0.001

0.114

 Peripheral vascular disease

264 (5)

188 (6)

76 (5)

0.286

0.033

Creatinine, µmol l⁻¹

77 ± 9

79 ± 10

77 ± 10

0.932

0.472

Hemoglobin, g dl⁻¹

12.3 ± 0.4

12.3 ± 0.3

12.6 ± 0.4

0.629

0.682

Intraoperative

CPB time, n (%)

94 [65–128]

89 [63–122]

105 [74–140]

< 0.001

0.331

Aortic clamp time, n (%)

64 [43–90]

61 [41–87]

69 [46–96]

< 0.001

0.098

Surgery type, n (%)

CABG

1,430 (28)

962 (28)

468 (29)

< 0.001

0.147

Valve surgery

1,874 (37)

1,254 (36)

620 (39)

Combined surgery

548 (11)

336 (10)

212 (13)

Other

1,201 (24)

896 (26)

305 (19)

Postoperative

SAPS II at ICU admission

35 [30–43]

34 [28–40]

40 [33–48]

< 0.001

0.603

Cumulative dose of norepinephrine during 48 h, mg

–

–

6.9 ± 0.4

–

–

Cumulative diuresis, ml

 Day 1

1370 [1030–1821]

1409 [1086–1845]

1280 [850–1748]

< 0.001

0.165

 Day 2

2650 [2110–3320]

2690 [2165–3345]

2570 [1965–3275]

< 0.001

0.105

Cumulative colloid expansion after 48 h; ml

250 [0–500]

250 [0–500]

500 [0–750]

< 0.001

0.304

Cumulative crystalloid expansion after 48 h, ml

1306 [990–1647]

1274 [956–1575]

1422 [1058–1807]

< 0.001

0.412

Creatinine; µmol l⁻¹

 Post CPB

79 [65–97]

77 [64–94]

82 [67–105]

< 0.001

0.189

 Day 1

88 [69–121]

84 [67–111]

100 [74–143]

< 0.001

0.310

 Day 2

80 [63–116]

76 [61–104]

92 [68–154]

< 0.001

0.356

PaO₂, mmHg

 Post CPB

183 [52–292]

189 [54–296]

171 [49–282]

< 0.001

0.092

 Day 1

108 [73–144]

108 [73- 143]

109 [73–146]

0.32

0.031

 Day 2

88 [71–113]

88 [71–113]

89 [70–115]

0.996

0.356

ASAT, UI

 Post CPB

50 [35–73]

48 [34- 69]

57 [37–84]

< 0.001

0.118

 Day 1

64 [43–102]

60 [42–92]

74 [47–130]

< 0.001

0.115

 Day 2

54 [36–90]

51 [35–80]

64 [39–119]

< 0.001

0.150

ICU stay, days

3 [2–4]

3 [2–4]

3 [2–6]

< 0.001

0.301