Table 2 Baseline parameters of patients who developed post-intubation hemodynamic instability (PIHI) or not (No PIHI)

Age (years)

70 [58–77]

68 [57–77]

0.76

Male gender, No. (%)

36 (52)

35 (69)

0.10

SAPII score

41 [29–53]

57 [45–69]

< 0.0001

SOFA score

5 [4–7]

9 [6–13]

< 0.0001

Central temperature (°C)

37.1 [36.7–37.6]

38.1 [37.4–39.2]

0.0001

Infection status

 Sepsis, No. (%)

18 (26)

40 (78)

 < 0.0001

 Septic shock, No. (%)

4 (6)

14 (33)

0.0004

Tissue perfusion markers

 Arterial lactate level (mmol/L)

1.3 [0.9–1.8]

2.3 [1.1–3.5]

0.004

 Toe-to-room temperature gradient (°C)

4.4 [1.3–7.7]

2.6 [0.2–7.5]

0.16

 Index capillary refill time (s)

1.5 [1–2.1]

1.7 [1.1–2.9]

0.17

 Knee capillary refill time (s)

2 [1.3–3.0]

2.9[1.9–5.3]

0.002

Mottling score

 0–1

56 (86)

24 (55)

 [2–3]

7 (11)

11 (25)

 [4–5]

2 (3)

9 (20)

0.0007

Blood gas parameters

 pH

7.42 [7.3–7.46]

7.35 [7.28–7.45]

0.22

 P_aO₂ (mmHg)

88 [63–161]

89 [69–188]

0.69

 P_aCO₂ (mmHg)

36 [32–51]

35 [27–40]

0.055

Indication for TI

 Hypoxemia, No. (%)

32 (46)

29 (57)

0.34

 Hypercapnia, No. (%)

10 (14)

6 (12)

0.87

 Coma from other cause, No. (%)

23 (33)

12 (24)

0.33

Hemodynamic and cardiac function parameters

 Norepinephrine prior to intubation, No. (%)

5 (7)

20 (39)

< 0.0001

 Mean arterial blood pressure (mmHg)

87 [78–94]

81 [71–93]

0.14

 Cardiac index (L/min/m²)

3.2 [2.2–4]

2.8 [2.1–3.7]

0.358

 Heart rate (/min)

94 [82–108]

112 [95–130]

0.001

 Left ventricular ejection fraction ≤ 30%, No. (%)

5 (7)

5 (11)

0.70

 Left to right ventricular diameter ratio ≥ 0.6, No. (%)

24 (35)

15 (32)

0.92