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Annals of Intensive Care

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients by AKI and RRT status

From: Long-term outcomes in patients who received veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and renal replacement therapy: a retrospective cohort study

Characteristica

Overall, N = 300a

AKI, RRT, N = 178

AKI, no RRT, N = 52

No AKI, N = 70

P-value (all groups)b

P-value (AKI vs. no AKI)c

Sex

0.010

0.003

 Male

171 (57%)

109 (61%)

33 (63%)

29 (41%)

  

 Female

129 (43%)

69 (39%)

19 (37%)

41 (59%)

  

Ethnicityd

0.312

0.121

 White

230 (77%)

138 (78%)

38 (73%)

54 (78%)

  

 Black

29 (9.8%)

14 (8.0%)

5 (9.6%)

10 (14%)

  

 Asian

27 (9.1%)

16 (9.1%)

6 (12%)

5 (7.2%)

  

 Mixed

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

  

 Other/not-stated

11 (3.7%)

8 (4.5%)

3 (5.8%)

0 (0%)

  

Age (years)

44.5 (34.0, 54.2)

48.5 (40.0, 57.0)

39.0 (30.8, 48.0)

41.0 (25.2, 48.0)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Weight (kg)d

80.0 (70.0, 100.0)

84.6 (70.0, 102.0)

80.0 (70.0, 102.0)

73.0 (60.0, 85.0)

0.002

< 0.001

BMI (kg/m2)d

27.3 (24.1, 33.4)

27.7 (24.4, 33.8)

28.6 (24.5, 32.6)

25.4 (22.0, 31.1)

0.039

0.013

Diabetes

37 (12%)

26 (15%)

6 (12%)

5 (7.1%)

0.269

0.131

Hypertension

52 (17%)

39 (22%)

5 (9.6%)

8 (11%)

0.039

0.136

Congestive heart failure

8 (2.7%)

6 (3.4%)

1 (1.9%)

1 (1.4%)

0.881

0.686

Coronary artery disease

8 (2.7%)

5 (2.8%)

1 (1.9%)

2 (2.9%)

> 0.999

> 0.999

Atrial fibrillation

4 (1.3%)

3 (1.7%)

0 (0%)

1 (1.4%)

> 0.999

> 0.999

Peripheral artery disease

1 (0.3%)

1 (0.6%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

> 0.999

> 0.999

Cerebrovascular accidents (history)

6 (2.0%)

3 (1.7%)

2 (3.8%)

1 (1.4%)

0.523

> 0.999

Chronic lung disease

71 (24%)

34 (19%)

13 (25%)

24 (34%)

0.039

0.017

Chronic liver disease

10 (3.3%)

9 (5.1%)

1 (1.9%)

0 (0%)

0.109

0.124

Any active malignancy within 5 yrs

14 (4.7%)

9 (5.1%)

2 (3.8%)

3 (4.3%)

> 0.999

> 0.999

Type of malignancy

> 0.999

> 0.999

 Solid tumour

5 (1.7%)

3 (1.7%)

1 (1.9%)

1 (1.4%)

  

 Haematologic tumour

9 (3.0%)

6 (3.4%)

1 (1.9%)

2 (2.9%)

  

Other immunosuppressive conditions

30 (10%)

22 (12%)

2 (3.8%)

6 (8.6%)

0.178

0.649

Chronic kidney disease (history)

7 (2.3%)

6 (3.4%)

1 (1.9%)

0 (0%)

0.308

0.206

Use of nephrotoxic drugse

78 (26%)

56 (31%)

8 (15%)

14 (20%)

0.029

0.191

SOFA score on day 1 of ICU admission

9.0 (6.0, 12.0)

11.0 (8.0, 14.0)

8.0 (5.0, 9.0)

7.0 (4.0, 8.0)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Reason for ECMO support

(groups too small)

0.002

 Infection

215 (72%)

143 (80%)

33 (63%)

39 (56%)

  

 Immune/inflammation

24 (8.0%)

9 (5.1%)

5 (9.6%)

10 (14%)

  

 Asthma or COPD exacerbation

20 (6.7%)

2 (1.1%)

7 (13%)

11 (16%)

  

 Trauma

12 (4.0%)

7 (3.9%)

2 (3.8%)

3 (4.3%)

  

 Postoperative

2 (0.7%)

1 (0.6%)

1 (1.9%)

0 (0%)

  

 Cardiac

8 (2.7%)

6 (3.4%)

1 (1.9%)

1 (1.4%)

  

 Others

19 (6.3%)

10 (5.6%)

3 (5.8%)

6 (8.6%)

  

ECMO speed (rpm)—initial setting

3,132.5 (2820.0, 3496.2)

3,202.5 (2832.5, 3500.0)

3,145.0 (2828.8, 3586.2)

3,017.5 (2761.2, 3330.0)

0.134

0.047

ECMO duration (days)

9.0 (6.0, 16.0)

10.0 (7.0, 16.0)

8.0 (6.0, 14.0)

8.0 (6.0, 17.8)

0.131

0.389

Baseline serum creatinine (µmol/L)

80 (69, 97)

93 (76, 99)

82 (68, 98)

60 (47, 74)

0.0001

< 0.001

  1. AKI acute kidney injury, BMI body mass index, COPD chronic obstructive lung disease, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ICU intensive care unit, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, RRT renal replacement therapy
  2. an (%); median (IQR)
  3. bCategorical variables: Pearson’s Chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test for small group sizes; continuous variables: Kruskal–Wallis rank sum test
  4. cCategorical variables: Pearson’s Chi-squared test or Fisher’s exact test for small group sizes; continuous variables: Wilcoxon rank sum test
  5. dMissing data: ethnicity (n = 3), weight (n = 15), BMI (n = 45)
  6. eDefined as the receipt of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, contrast media or nephrotoxic antibiotics (e.g. aminoglycosides, vancomycin, piperacillin–tazobactam, colistin) within 7 days prior to ECMO initiation
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