Table 2 Risk factors for ICU acquired infection

Multiple site decontamination

0.50

0.35–0.72

 < 0.001

0.56

0.38–0.83

0.004

Age, per supplementary year

1.01

1.00–1.02

0.086

1.01

0.99–1.02

0.28

Male

1.23

0.93–1.62

0.151

1.38

1.03–1.86

0.034

BMI, per supplementary kg/m²

1.00

0.98–1.02

0.70

Comorbidities

 Chronic heart failure

0.96

0.71–1.29

0.77

 Chronic respiratory disease

1.01

0.77–1.33

0.93

 Chronic renal failure

1.37

0.97–1.93

0.075

1.21

0.81–1.81

0.34

 Cirrhosis

1.64

1.08–2.48

0.021

1.81

1.17–2.82

0.007

 Cancer

1.06

0.87–1.43

0.72

 Immunodepression

0.96

0.70–1.30

0.79

 Diabetes

1.00

0.78–1.28

0.99

 Hypertension

1.10

0.88–1.38

0.38

Period of admission

 Spring–Summer 2020

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Fall–Winter 2020

1.14

0.91–1.44

0.26

1.10

0.85–1.43

0.46

 Spring–Summer 2021

0.53

0.22–1.30

0.165

0.81

0.32–2.06

0.66

 Fall–Winter 2021

0.82

0.48–1.41

0.479

1.06

0.61–1.86

0.83

 Inter-hospital transport

1.22

0.96–1.53

0.096

1.31

1.02–1.69

0.038

Localization before ICU admission

 Emergency ward

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Acute care ward

0.96

0.76–1.21

0.71

 Home

1.12

0.71–1.78

0.62

 Simplified acute physiology score II, per supplementary point

1.01

1.00–1.02

0.004

1.01

1.00–1.02

0.032

 Bacterial co-infection at admission

1.20

0.82–1.75

0.36

Biological parameters at admission

 Leucocytes per supplementary 10⁹/L

1.00

1.00–1.01

0.091

1.00

0.99–1.01

0.25

 Lymphocytes per supplementary 10⁹/L

1.00

1.00–1.01

0.18

 Platelets per supplementary 10⁹/L

1.00

1.00–1.00

0.74

 Creatinine per supplementary µg/L

1.00

0.99–1.00

0.17

1.00

0.99–1.00

0.43

 Serum C-reactive protein, per supplementary mg/mL

1.00

1.00–1.01

0.44

Fibrinogene, per supplementary g/L

1.02

0.96–1.09

0.49

PaO2/FiO2 ratio, per supplementary mmHg

1.00

0.99–1.00

0.19

0.99

0.99–1.01

0.31

Early management

 High flow oxygenation before intubation

1.01

0.81–1.27

0.90

 Systemic antibiotic at admission

0.80

0.60–1.06

0.13

0.87

0.63–1.19

0.39

 Time from hospital admission to intubation, per supplementary days

0.96

0.91–1.01

0.088

0.97

0.91–1.01

0.11

 Antiviral agents

0.89

0.69–1.14

0.36

 Steroids

1.14

0.88–1.48

0.33

Strategy for VAP diagnoses in center of admission

 Endotracheal aspiration

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

Ref

 Distally protected sample

1.13

0.90–1.43

0.29

1.02

0.79–1.32

0.89

 Broncho alveolar lavage

1.47

0.95–2.27

0.087

1.45

0.90–2.33

0.12