Table 4 Baseline characteristics and outcomes of matched patients pairs (propensity score matched analysis)
Variables | Standard care group | Multiple site decontamination group | p value | SMD |
|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 89 | n = 89 | |||
Age, year | 66 [55–71] | 62 [55–71] | 0.469 | 0.094 |
Male,—no. (%) | 66 (74.2) | 62 (69.7) | 0.617 | 0.097 |
Body masse index, kg/m2 | 28.28 [24.69–31.38] | 27.46 [24.39–31.40] | 0.623 | 0.090 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Chronic heart failure—no. (%) | 15 (16.9) | 13 (14.6) | 0.837 | 0.063 |
Chronic respiratory disease—no. (%) | 15 (16.9) | 11 (12.4) | 0.524 | 0.137 |
Chronic renal failure—no. (%) | 5 (5.6) | 5 (5.6) | 1.000 | 0.00 |
Cirrhosis—no. (%) | 6 (6.7) | 7 (7.9) | 1.000 | 0.042 |
Cancer—no. (%) | 11 (12.4) | 12 (13.5) | 1.000 | 0.033 |
Immunodepression—no. (%) | 6 (6.7) | 9 (10.1) | 0.589 | 0.111 |
Diabetes—no. (%) | 28 (31.5) | 24 (27.0) | 0.621 | 0.101 |
Hypertension—no. (%) | 45 (50.6) | 41 (46.1) | 0.653 | 0.090 |
Period of admission | 0.254 | |||
Spring–Summer 2020—no. (%) | 35 (39.3) | 39 (43.8) | 0.05 | |
Fall–Winter 2020—no. (%) | 37 (41.6) | 28 (31.5) | 0.10 | |
Spring–Summer 2021—no. (%) | 4 (4.5) | 10 (11.2) | 0.07 | |
Fall–Winter 2021—no. (%) | 13 (14.6) | 12 (13.5) | 0.01 | |
Inter-hospital transport—no. (%) | 34 (38.2) | 24 (27.0) | 0.150 | 0.253 |
Localization before ICU admission | 0.919 | |||
Emergency ward—no. (%) | 47 (52.8) | 44 (49.4) | 0.03 | |
Acute care ward– no. (%) | 38 (42.7) | 42 (47.2) | 0.05 | |
Home—no. (%) | 3 (3.4) | 2 (2.2) | 0.01 | |
Simplified acute physiology score II | 34 [27–43] | 35 [27–45] | 0.729 | 0.063 |
Bacterial co-infection at admission—no. (%) | 6 (6.7) | 9 (10.1) | 0.589 | 0.112 |
Biological parameters at admission | ||||
Leucocytes × 109/L | 8.10 [6.23–10.40] | 9.20 [6.10–11] | 0.602 | 0.044 |
Lymphocytes × 109/L | 0.72 [0.50–1.02] | 0.65 [0.47–0.90] | 0.273 | 0.078 |
Platelets × 109/L | 210 [165–259] | 214 [169–293] | 0.248 | 0.232 |
Creatinine, µg/L | 76 [61.60–101] | 79 [63—103] | 0.643 | 0.105 |
Serum C-reactive protein, mg/mL | 119 [72–234] | 139 [90–228] | 0.307 | 0.125 |
Fibrinogene, g/L | 6.60 [5.60–7.43] | 7.14 [6.12–8] | 0.19 | 0.22 |
PaO2/FiO2 ratio, mmHg | 100 [70–133.03] | 100 [80–161.90] | 0.291 | 0.098 |
Strategy for VAP diagnoses in center of admission | ||||
Endotracheal aspiration | 77 (86.5) | 77 (86.5) | 1.00 | 0.00 |
Distally protected sample | 12 (13.5) | 12 (13.5) | 1.00 | 0.00 |
Broncho alveolar lavage | 0 | 0 | – | 0.00 |
Early management | ||||
High flow oxygenation before intubation—no. (%) | 45 (50.6) | 46 (51.7) | 1.000 | 0.022 |
Systemic antibiotic at admission—no. (%) | 80 (89.9) | 83 (93.3) | 0.589 | 0.134 |
Time from hospital admission to intubation, days | 0 [0–2] | 0 [0–2] | 0.937 | 0.119 |
Antiviral agents—no. (%) | 35 (39.3) | 33 (37.1) | 0.877 | 0.047 |
Steroids—no. (%) | 59 (66.3) | 63 (70.8) | 0.628 | 0.099 |
Outcomes | ||||
ICU acquired infection—no. (%) | 51 (57.3) | 29 (32.6) | 0.002 | |
Ventilator-associated pneumonia—no. (%) | 48 (53.9) | 26 (29.2) | 0.001 | |
Bloodstream infection—no. (%) | 10 (11.2) | 7 (7.9) | 0.610 | |
Length of mechanical ventilation, days | 15 [8–26] | 16 [8–24] | 0.791 | |
Length of stay, days | 19 [10–30] | 20 [12–30] | 0.761 | |
Hospital death—no. (%) | 29 (32.6) | 15 (16.9) | 0.024 | |