Skip to main content

Table 3 Patient characteristics on day of Echocardiography

From: Right ventricular free wall longitudinal strain is independently associated with mortality in mechanically ventilated patients with COVID-19

 

All (n = 94)

Normal RVFWLS (≤−20%) (n = 67)

Abnormal RVFWLS (> −20%) (n = 27)

p value

SOFA score

n (n missing)

93 (1)

8 [6, 10]

67 (0)

7 [6, 10]

26 (1)

9 [7, 10]

0.130§

Requirement for RRT on day of ECHO

12 (12.8%)

6 (9.0%)

6 (22.2%)

0.056*

Cardiac biomarkers

 hsTn I, ng/L

n (n missing)

57 (37)

13 [5, 39.5]

43 (24)

9 [4, 23]

14 (13)

39.5 [9, 146]

0.032§

 hsTn T, ng/L

n (n missing)

35 (59)

18 [10, 29]

22 (45)

12.5 [9.3, 19.8]

13 (14)

27 [21.5, 47]

 < 0.001§

 Abnormal troponinA

n (n missing)

92 (2)

41 (44.6%)

65 (2)

21 (32.3%)

27 (0)

20 (74.1%)

 < 0.001*

 NT-proBNP, ng/L

n (n missing)

84 (10)

461 [109, 1798]

58 (9)

377 [165, 947]

26 (1)

1697 [302, 23271]

0.004§

 Abnormal NT-proBNPB

n (n missing)

84 (10)

53 (63.1%)

58 (9)

33 (56.9%)

26 (1)

20 (76.9%)

0.079*

Haemodynamic Parameters

 HR, bpm

n (n missing)

92 (2)

79 [65, 96]

67 (0)

77 [63, 95]

25 (2)

84 [74, 99]

0.028§

 Rhythm

n (n missing)

Sinus

AF/Flutter

92 (2)

88 (95.7%)

4 (4.3%)

67 (0)

64 (95.5%)

3 (4.5%)

25 (2)

24 (96%)

1 (4%)

0.703ω

 Mean BP, mmHg

n (n missing)

89 (5)

77 [71, 87]

64 (3)

79 [72, 88]

25 (2)

76 [69, 86]

0.164§

 CVP, mmHg

n (n missing)

59 (35)

7 [3, 12]

45 (22)

7 [2.5, 12]

14 (13)

8.5 [4.5, 12.5]

0.485§

Drug Administration

 Vasopressors

40 (42.6%)

23 (34.3%)

17 (63%)

0.011*

 Inotropes

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

NA

 Anticoagulation

  Prophylactic

81 (86.2%)

61 (91%)

20 (74.1%)

0.097*

  Therapeutic

11 (11.7%)

5 (7.5%)

6 (22.2%)

  None

2 (2.1%)

1 (1.5%)

1 (3.7%)

 Paralysis

47 (50%)

34 (50.7%)

13 (48.1%)

0.285*

Ventilation

 FiO2

0.55 [0.45, 0.7]

0.5 [0.45, 0.65]

0.55 [0.45, 0.8]

0.373§

 Requirement for prone ventilation in previous 24 h

35 (37.2%)

27 (40.3%)

8 (29.6%)

0.484*

 Plateau pressure, cmH2O

n (n missing)

48 (46)

25 (5.3)

34 (33)

24.6 (5.6)

14 (13)

26.1 (4.7)

0.397η

 PAP, cmH2O

n (n missing)

91 (3)

26 [19, 30]

65 (2)

25 [19, 29]

26 (1)

27 [20, 31]

0.185§

 Tidal volume, ml/kg (PBW)

n (n missing)

89 (5)

6.6 [5.9, 7.3]

64 (3)

6.5 [5.9, 7.2]

25 (2)

7.0 [5.9, 7.5]

0.335§

 P/F ratio

n (n missing)

93 (1)

17.5 [12.9, 21.9]

67 (0)

17.5 [13.3, 21.8]

26 (1)

17.8 [12.3, 22,5]

0.918§

 PEEP, cmH2O

n (n missing)

93 (1)

10 [8, 12]

66 (1)

10 [8, 12]

27 (0)

10 [6, 10]

0.110§

 Respiratory rate (/minute)

25 [21, 28]

24.6 (5.0)

24.4 (5.7)

0.887η

 Driving pressure, cmH2O

n (n missing)

48 (46)

13 [11 17.75]

34 (33)

12 [10, 16.25]

14 (13)

16.5 [12, 20]

0.040§

 Dynamic compliance, ml/cmH2O

n (n missing)

48 (46)

28.1 [19.1, 39.7]

34 (33)

31.2 [21.6, 40.1]

14 (13)

21.2 [16.5, 35.1]

0.071§

 Murray lung injury score

n (n missing)

82 (12)

2.8 [2.3, 3]

58 (9)

2.8 [2.2, 3]

24 (3)

2.8 [2.35, 3.2]

0.479§

  1. Data are presented as mean (SD), median [IQR] or n (%). Data are complete unless indicated by n (n missing)
  2. A, hsTnT ≥ 15 ng L−1 or hsTnI ≥ 34 ng L−1 for males; ≥ 16 ng L−1 for females. B, NT-proBNP  ≥ 300 ng L−1
  3. RVFWLS Right Ventricular Free-wall longitudinal strain, SOFA Sequential organ failure Assessment, RRT Renal Replacement Therapy, hsTn High Sensitivity Troponin, NT-proBNP N-terminal pro B-type Natriuretic Peptide, HR Heart Rate, AF Atrial Fibrillation, BP Blood Pressure; CVP Central Venous Pressure, FiO2 Fraction of Inspired Oxygen, PAP Peak Airway Pressure, PBW Predicted Body Weight, PEEP Positive End Expiratory Pressure
  4. Between-group differences were assessed using Student’s T test (η), Mann–Whitney U test (§), Fisher’s Exact test (ω), and Pearson Chi-Square test (*)