Table 1 Baseline characteristics
Characteristics | Total (n = 156) | Normal CT (n = 67) | Moderate-to-severe ischemic stroke (n = 33) | Minor ischemic stroke (n = 29) | Cerebral hemorrhage (n = 24) | p (4 group comparison) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demography | ||||||
Age (years) | 63 [54–70] | 63 [55–72] | 62 [53–68] | 68 [59–72] | 63 [51–66] | 0.06 |
Male sex | 110 (71%) | 45 (67%) | 25 (76%) | 20 (69%) | 17 (71%) | 0.85 |
Pre-existing conditions | ||||||
Charlson score | 1 [0–3] | 2 [0–4] | 0 [0–1] | 2 [1–4] | 0 [0–2] | < 0.001 |
Diabetes | 46 (30%) | 22 (33%) | 8 (24%) | 13 (45%) | 3 (13%) | 0.06 |
Chronic kidney disease (a) | 30 (19%) | 15 (22%) | 3 (9%) | 5 (21%) | 7 (24%) | 0.38 |
Anticoagulant treatment | 48 (31%) | 19 (28%) | 11 (23%) | 10 (35%) | 8 (33%) | 0.9 |
Antiplatelet treatment | 34 (22%) | 20 (30%) | 6 (18%) | 7 (24%) | 1 (4%) | 0.06 |
CIED | 14 (9%) | 8 (12%) | 3 (9%) | 0 (0%) | 3 (13%) | 0.28 |
Valvular predisposition | 66 (42%) | 27 (40%) | 16 (48%) | 11 (38%) | 12 (50%) | 0.7 |
Prosthetic valve | 44 (28%) | 20 (30%) | 11 (33%) | 8 (28%) | 5 (21%) | 0.77 |
Other valvular disease | 22 (14%) | 7 (10%) | 5 (15%) | 3 (10%) | 7 (29%) | 0.14 |
IE characteristics | ||||||
Staphylococcus aureus | 84 (54%) | 35 (52%) | 23 (70%) | 9 (31%) | 17 (71%) | 0.007 |
Enterococcus sp | 15 (10%) | 7 (10%) | 2 (6%) | 6 (21%) | 0 (%) | 0.07 |
Other Streptococci | 34 (22%) | 15 (22%) | 5 (15%) | 10 (34%) | 3 (13%) | 0.18 |
Blood culture negative | 6 (4%) | 1 (1%) | 2 (6%) | 2 (7%) | 1 (4%) | 0.5 |
Prosthetic valve IE | 38 (24%) | 17 (25%) | 10 (30%) | 6 (21%) | 5 (21%) | 0.80 |
IE topography | ||||||
Mitral | 75 (48%) | 33 (49%) | 13 (39%) | 13 (46%) | 15 (63%) | 0.39 |
Aortic | 61 (39%) | 25 (37%) | 18 (55%) | 11 (39%) | 6 (25%) | 0.15 |
Both | 20 (13%) | 9 (13%) | 2 (6%) | 4 (14%) | 3 (13%) | 0.71 |
Vegetation > 15 mm | 69 (44%) | 21 (31%) | 16 (49%) | 17 (59%) | 13 (54%) | 0.04 |
Severe regurgitation | 64 (41%) | 27 (40%) | 8 (24%) | 15 (52%) | 12 (50%) | 0.11 |
Cardiac abscess or fistula | 42 (27%) | 13 (19%) | 12 (36%) | 8 (28%) | 7 (29%) | 0.32 |
Extra-neurological CT-defined embolism | 70 (55%) | 30 (45%) | 18 (55%) | 15 (52%) | 11 (46%) | 0.79 |
Baseline clinical characteristics | ||||||
SOFA | 7 [4–10] | 6 [4–10] | 7 [4–11] | 7 [4–10] | 5 [5–11] | 0.97 |
“non-neurological” SOFA | 6 [3–9] | 6 [4–8] | 6 [3–9] | 7 [3–9] | 6 [4–9] | 0.9 |
Mechanical ventilation | 89 (57%) | 31 (46%) | 20 (61%) | 23 (79%) | 12 (50%) | 0.02 |
IV catecholamines | 65 (42%) | 24 (36%) | 15 (45%) | 10 (35%) | 9 (38%) | 0.80 |
Lactate > 2 mmol/L | 40 (26%) | 21 (31%) | 6 (18%) | 7 (24%) | 6 (25%) | 0.51 |
GCS | 14 [12–15] | 15 [14, 15] | 14 [12–15] | 14 [13–15] | 13 [11–14] | 0.81 |
GCS < 10 | 30 (19%) | 12 (18%) | 8 (24%) | 3 (10%) | 5 (21%) | 0.54 |