Table 1 Main characteristics of included studies
From: Association of sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Study (year) | Study design | SIC definition | Patient number (SIC, non-SIC) | Time of echocardiogram | Age(years) | Cardiovascular comorbidity (%) | APACHE score | Hospital LOS (days) | Inotropic agents (%) | Mechanical ventilation (%) | Septic shock (%) | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Artucio (1989) [21] | Cohort study | LVSD: PEP/LVET > 42% | 33, 16 | Day 1 | 38.8 ± 2.3 | Excluded septic shock | NA | NA | 0 | 63 | 0 | Mortality |
Charpentier (2004) [10] | Cohort study | LVSD: FAC < 50% | 15, 19 | Day 2 | 56 ± 2.7 | Excluded CAD | NA | NA | SIC 66.6 non-SIC 73.6 | SIC 60 Non-SIC 47 | 74 | One-month mortality |
Pulido (2012) [22] | Cohort study | LVSD: LVEF < 50% or LVDD: E/e' > 15 or RVD: s' < 15 cm/s | 68, 38 | Day 1 | Survivors 63 ± 15 Non-survivors 69 ± 15 | Excluded CAD | APACHE iii Survivors 83.8 ± 28 Non-survivors 96.3 ± 31 | NA | LVSD 21 LVDD 20 RVD 30 non-SIC 16 | LVSD 86 LVDD 62 RVD 82 Non-SIC 74 | NA | One-month mortality One-year mortality |
Landesberg (2012) [8] | Cohort study | LVDD: e' < 8 cm/s | 131, 95 | Day 2 | Survivors 56 ± 21 Non-survivors 70 ± 17 | Excluded CAD | APACHE ii Survivors 18.8 ± 6.5 Non-survivors 24.5 ± 7.6 | NA | EPI 21 DA / DBA 8 | 100 | 62 | In-hospital mortality |
Wilhelm (2013) [19] | Cohort study | LVSD: ACP ≤ 80% | NA | Day 1 | Sepsis 68 (54–76) Severe sepsis 71 (57–79) Septic shock 69 (59–77) | NA | APACHE ii Sepsis 14 (10–18) Severe sepsis 17 (13–23) Septic shock 23 (18–29) | NA | NA | NA | 19 | One-month mortality |
Mourad (2013) [23] | Case–control study | LVDD: e' ≤ 8 cm/s | 33, 39 | Day 2 | 58 (49–66) | CAD 6.9% | NA | NA | NA | SIC 54.5 Non-SIC 30.7 | 100 | ICU mortality |
Prabhu (2015) [24] | Case–control study | LVSD: LVEF < 50% | 18, 48 | NA | 53.71 ± 16.76 | Excluded CAD | APACHE iii Survivor 70.65 ± 13.27 Nonsurvivor 89.34 ± 15.41 | 9.76 ± 4.21 | DA 19.7% | NA | 100 | Mortality |
Sato (2016) [25] | Cohort study | LVSD: LVEF < 50% Decreased ≥ 10% EF Recovered within 2 weeks | 29, 181 | Day 1 | SIC 69 (57–79) Non-SIC 77 (65–85) | CAD 12 HF 20 | APACHE ii SIC 27 non-SIC 21 | SIC 43 non-SIC 26 | AVP SIC 37.9 non-SIC 13.3 | NA | 51 | In-hospital mortality One-month mortality |
Vallabhajosyula (2016) [28] | Cohort study | LVSD: LVEF < 50% or LVDD: E/e' > 15 | LVSD (17, 41) LVDD (11, 47) | Day 1 | 68.0 (54.8–76.0) | CAD 19 AF 24 | APACHE iii 86.0 (72.0—115.5) | LVSD: 14.7 (9.2–20.5) non LVSD: 23.0 (8.0–34.4) LVDD: 23.1 (8.2–31.8) non LVDD: 15.9 (9.0–31.0) | NA | 100 | NA | In-hospital mortality |
Vallabhajosyula (2017) [26] | Cohort study | RVD: TAPSE < 16 mm | 214, 174 | Day 3 | IRVD 65.6 (55.2–77.5) RVD/LVD 69.3 (55.3–77.4) No RVD 64.7 (53.4–74.7) | CAD 14.4 | APACHE iii IRVD 85.5 (68.3–110) RVD/LVD 84.0 (69.0–104) No RVD 81.0 (66.0–105) | IRVD 9.3 (5.8–19.4) RVD/LVD 8.5 (6.0–14.4) No RVD 9.8 (6.1–16.6) | NA | IRVD 67.0 RVD/LVD 50.9 No RVD 50.6 | IRVD 80.0 RVD/LVD 71.9 No RVD 68.4 | In-hospital mortality One-year mortality |
Narváez (2017) [29] | Cohort study | LVSD: LVEF < 50% | 13, 44 | Day 1 | SIC 54.5 ± 12.9 Non-SIC 64.4 ± 16.6 | Excluded CAD | APACHE ii SIC 20.8 ± 8.7 Non-SIC 19.6 ± 8.1 | SIC 22.66 ± 21.10 Non-SIC 24.24 ± 20.85 | DBA 31.5 | SIC 50.0 Non-SIC 43.2 | SIC 76.9 Non-SIC 68.2% | ICU mortality In-hospital mortality |
Boissier (2017) [20] | Cohort study | LVSD: LVEF < 45% | 29, 103 | Day 1 | *Hypokinesia 64 (50–71) Normokinesia 65 (54–75) Hyperkinesia 63 (50–75) | Excluded CAD | NA | NA | EPI 4.5 DBA 10.6 | 80 | 100 | ICU mortality In-hospital mortality |
Vallabhajosyula (2018) [30] | Cohort study | LVSD: LVEF < 50% | 206, 228 | Day 3 | SIC 68.0 (55.7–78.1) Non-SIC 65.6 (55.3–77.1) | CAD 20 AF 10 | APACHE iii SIC 85 (70–109) Non-SIC 82 (68–103) | SIC 8.7 (6–15) Non-SIC 9.1 (6–18.8) | NA | SIC 52.4 Non-SIC 55.7 | SIC 72.8 Non-SIC 70.6 | In-hospital mortality Two-year mortality |
Jeong (2018) [27] | Cohort study | LVSD: LVEF < 50%, Decreased ≥ 10% EF and Recovered within 2 weeks | 25, 273 | Day 1 | SIC 70.6 ± 14.7 Non-SIC 71.8 ± 11.8 | HF 12 CAD 5.3 AF 8 | NA | SIC 20.8 ± 26.0 Non-SIC 30.2 ± 35.0 | 44.2% | NA | NA | In-hospital mortality |
Rahasto (2019) [31] | Cohort study | LVSD: abnormal LVEF undefined | 15, 87 | Day 1 | 48 ± 18 | Excluded CAD | NA | NA | NA | NA | 100 | Ten days mortality |
Lahham (2020) [33] | Cohort study | RVD: TAPSE < 16 mm | 8, 16 | NA | 56 ± 18 | Excluded CAD | NA | 4.91 ± 3.08 | NA | 0 | NA | In-hospital mortality |
Shin (2020) [34] | Cohort study | LVSD: LVEF < 50% | 36, 330 | Day 2 | †Reduced 75.4 ± 12.5 Normal 72.3 ± 13.5 Hyperdynamic 72.8 ± 13.0 | Exclude CAD | NA | †Reduced 23.2 ± 22.7 Normal 25.5 ± 22.2 Hyperdynamic 17.9 ± 14.0 | NA | NA | NA | In-hospital mortality |
Innocenti (Mar.2020) [36] | Cohort study | RVD: TAPSE < 16 mm | 85, 167 | Day 1 | SIC 77 ± 13 Non-SIC 71 ± 15 | CAD 19 | APACHE ii SIC 19 ± 5 Non-SIC 18 ± 5 | NA | NA | 0 | 40 | Seven days mortality One-month mortality |
Song (2020) [35] | Cohort study | LVSD: LVEF < 50%, Decreased ≥ 10% LVEF and Recovered within 2 weeks | 49, 259 | Day 2 | SIC 65.1 ± 11.2 Non-SIC 64.6 ± 15.0 | Excluded patients without baseline echocardiography | APACHE ii SIC 26.4 ± 9.3 Non-SIC 24.6 ± 8.6 | NA | SIC 100 Non-SIC 94.9 | SIC 73.5 Non-SIC 63.3 | SIC 100 Non-SIC 95 | ICU mortality In-hospital mortality One-month mortality |
Kim (2020) [32] | Cohort study | LVSD: LVEF < 50% or LVDD: E/e' > 15 or RVD: TAPSE < 16 mm | 270, 508 | Day 3 | SIC 67.0 (58.0–75.0) Non-SIC 68.0 (55.8–76.0) | Excluded CAD Excluded Pt with normal troponin I | NA | NA | NA | SIC 50 Non-SIC 43.2 | 100 | One-month mortality |
Lanspa (2020) [18] | Cohort study | RVD: FAC < 35% or TAPSE < 16 mm | 181, 194 | Day 1 | SIC 64.7 ± 16.0 Non-SIC 60.9 ± 16.5 | NA | APACHE ii SIC 27.1 ± 10.1 Non-SIC 24.4 ± 10.1 | NA | NA | SIC 28.7 Non-SIC 24.2 | NA | One-month mortality |
Innocenti (Oct.2020) [37] | Cohort study | RVD: TAPSE < 16 mm | 120, 234 | Day 1 | Shock 74 ± 12 Non-shock 74 ± 14 | Excluded MV patients | NA | NA | NA | 0% | 40 | Seven days mortality One-month mortality |
Chayakul (2020) [38] | Cohort study | LVSD: LVEF < 50% | 24, 51 | Day 1 | SIC 73.1 ± 17.4 Non-SIC 65.8 ± 16.5 | HFpEF 18.6 | APACHE ii SIC 25.7 ± 6.7 Non-SIC 22.3 ± 5.6 | NA | EPI 9.3 DA 6.6 DBA 6.6 | SIC 50.0 Non-SIC 17.6 | SIC 62.5 Non-SIC 68.6 | In-hospital mortality |