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Table 1 Demographics and characteristics of patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection (n = 925) at intensive care unit admission, according to the presence of auto-antibodies against type I IFNs

From: Auto-antibodies against type I IFNs in > 10% of critically ill COVID-19 patients: a prospective multicentre study

 

Total

Negative anti-IFN auto-Abs

Positive anti-IFN auto-Abs

p-valuea

 

N = 925

N = 829

N = 96

 

Comorbidities

    

Ageb

62 (53;69.7)

62.0 (53;69.5)

63.8 (53.9;70.5)

0.668

Gender

   

0.083

 Maleb

652 (70.5)

577 (69.6)

75 (78.1)

 

 Female

273 (29.5)

252 (30.4)

21 (21.9)

 

Obesityb (N = 861)

370 (43.0)

335 (43.4)

35 (39.3)

0.463

Diabetesb

301 (32.5)

278 (33.5)

23 (24.0)

0.058

Congestive heart failurec

94 (10.2)

85 (10.3)

9 (9.4)

0.787

Vasculopathy

101 (10.9)

87 (10.5)

14 (14.6)

0.224

Hypertensionb

474 (51.2)

429 (51.8)

45 (46.9)

0.366

COPD

62 (6.7)

60 (7.2)

2 (2.1)

0.053

Chronic kidney diseased

106 (11.5)

97 (11.7)

9 (9.4)

0.498

ESRD requiring dialysis

42 (4.5)

37 (4.5)

5 (5.2)

0.794

Cirrhosis

13 (1.4)

11 (1.3)

2 (2.1)

0.636

Current smoking

124 (13.4)

107 (12.9)

17 (17.7)

0.191

Immunosuppressionb

100 (10.8)

95 (11.5)

5 (5.2)

0.080

Solid cancer

31 (3.4)

28 (3.4)

3 (3.1)

1.000

HIV infection

15 (1.6)

15 (1.8)

0 (0)

0.388

Haematological malignancy

17 (1.8)

17 (2.1)

0 (0)

0.243

Clinical Frailty Scale

3 (2;4)

3 (2;4)

3 (2;3)

0.173

Characteristics at ICU admission

SAPS II (N = 914)

34 (26;44)

34 (26;44)

34.5 (29;44)

0.433

SOFA scoreb (N = 917)

4 (2;6)

4 (2;6)

4 (2;7)

0.343

WHO CPS(N = 920)

6 (6;8)

6 (6;8)

7 (6;8)

0.188

Time from first symptoms to ICU admission (days)

9 [6–12]

9 [6–12]

8 [6–12]

0.531

Admission period

   

0.004

 First wavee

140 (15.1)

115 (13.9)

25 (26)

 

 Second wavef

785 (84.9)

714 (86.1)

71 (73.9)

 

Temperature (N = 857)

37 (36.9;38)

37 (36.9;38)

37.4 (36.7;38.1)

0.299

FiO2 (%) (N = 908)

90 (60;100)

90 (60;100)

100 (70;100)

0.010

PaO2 (mmHg) (N = 906)

73 (61;91)

72 (61;91)

76 (63.5;89)

0.259

PaO2/FiO2 ratio (N = 903)

0.96 (0.7;1.4)

0.97 (0.70;1.4)

0.9 (0.7;1.3)

0.427

PaCO2 (mmHg) (N = 895)

37 (32;43)

37 (32;43)

38 (34;45)

0.118

Arterial lactate (mmol/L) (N = 889)

1.4 (1.2;1.9)

1.4 (1.2;1.9)

1.5 (1.1;2.1)

0.898

White blood cell counts (G/L) (N = 920)

8.80 (6.1;12.8)

8.5 (5.9;12.3)

11.41 (8.3;14.7)

 < 0.0001

Neutrophil counts (G/L) (N = 736)

7.8 (5.2;11.3)

7.44 (5;11)

10.2 (6.4;13.8)

0.0002

Lymphocyte counts (G/L) (N=733)

0.7 (0.5;1)

0.7 (0.5;1)

0.7 (0.5;1.1)

0.976

Monocyte counts (G/L) (N = 732)

0.4 (0.2;0.6)

0.40(0.2;0.6)

0.5 (0.3;0.8)

0.008

Plasma creatinine level (µmol/L) (N = 922)

76 (60;108)

76 (59;109)

81 (64;103.5)

0.297

D-dimers (ng/mL) (N = 510)

1344.5 (846;2614)

1343 (837;2511)

1380 (937;3488)

0.258

Corticosteroid

44 (4.8)

42 (5.1)

2 (2.1)

0.307

Antibiotic treatmentb

635 (68.6)

564 (68.0)

71 (74.0)

0.236

Oxygen therapy

51 (5.5)

46 (5.6)

5 (5.2)

0.890

High flow oxygen therapy

525 (56.8)

474 (57.2)

51 (53.1)

0.448

Invasive mechanical ventilation

441 (47.7)

388 (46.8)

53 (55.2)

0.119

ARDS

862 (93.2)

772 (93.1)

90 (93.8)

0.818

Shock

178 (19.2)

156 (18.8)

22 (22.9)

0.335

Renal replacement therapy

98 (10.6)

88 (10.6)

10 (10.4)

0.952

Neuromuscular blockade

404 (43.7)

359 (43.4)

45 (46.9)

0.511

  1. Continuous values are shown as median (quartile 1-quartile 3); qualitative values are shown as number (percentage); ap values come from Chi2, Fisher, Student’s or Mann–Whitney tests, as appropriate; bvariable included in the multivariable logistic regression analysis assessing the relationship between auto-antibodies against type I interferon and 28-day mortality (Table 3); cdefined as stages III–IV the New York Heart Association classification; dglomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min/1.73m2; efrom March 2020 to June 2020; ffrom July 2020 to May 2021: bolded values are significant at the < 0.05 level
  2. COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ESRD end-stage renal disease, NSAI: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, SAPS II Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, WHO CPS World Health Organization clinical progression scale, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, RRT renal replacement therapy, iNO inhaled nitric oxide, ECMO extra-corporeal membrane oxygenation