Variables | Total n = 214 | mRS 0–2 n = 57 | mRS 3–6 n = 157 | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Patients | ||||
Age (years) | 63 [53; 72] | 57.4 [44.4; 69.1] | 65.4 [56.3; 75.4] | < 0.01 |
Male sex | 111 (51.9) | 30 (52.6) | 81 (51.6) | 0.89 |
Reason for ICU admission | ||||
Altered mental status | 105 (49.1) | 26 (45.6) | 79 (50.3) | 0.11 |
Seizure | 54 (25.2) | 20 (35.1) | 34 (21.7) | |
Other* | 55 (25.7) | 11 (19.3) | 44 (28) | |
Glasgow coma scale¤ | ||||
Score | 9 [6; 12] | 10 [7; 13] | 8.5 [6; 12] | 0.06 |
< 8, indicating coma | 73/203 (36) | 16/55 (29.1) | 57/148 (38.5) | 0.21 |
Temperature§ | ||||
Degrees (°C) | 38.8 [38.1; 39.2] | 38.5 [38; 39] | 39 [38.2; 39.2] | 0.07 |
≥ 38.3 °C, indicating fever | 142/201 (70.6) | 33/53 (62.3) | 109/148 (73.6) | 0.12 |
Focal signs | 33/211 (15.6) | 12/57 (21.1) | 21/154 (13.6) | 0.19 |
CSF | ||||
HSV 1 genotype∇ | 175/183 (95.6) | 44/47 (93.6) | 131/136 (96.3) | 0.43 |
Leukocytes (/mm3)$ | 51 [12; 150] | 100 [31; 200] | 38.5 [9; 125] | 0.01 |
Lymphocytes (%)∃ | 88 [61; 96] | 85.4 [36.5; 205.8] | 69.7 [25.2; 270] | 0.37 |
Protein level (g/l)⊥ | 0.7 [0.5; 1.1] | 0.7 [0.5; 1] | 0.7 [0.5; 1.2] | 0.85 |
Glycorachia⊥⊥ | 4 [3.2; 4.5] | 3.9 [3.4; 4.6] | 4 [3; 4.4] | 0.20 |
Hypoglycorachia⊥⊥ | 18/165 (10.9) | 4/46 (8.7) | 14/119 (11.8) | 0.66 |
Abnormal MRI at admission | 188/190 (98.9) | 53/55 (96.4) | 135/135 (100) | 0.02 |
Invasive mechanical ventilation | 138 (64.5) | 28 (49.1) | 110 (70.1) | < 0.01 |
EEG | ||||
Time between ICU admission and stdEEG (in days) | 1 [0; 2] | 1 [0; 1] | 1 [0; 2] | 0.16 |
EEG recorded with sedation | 81/211 (88.4) | 20/56 (35.7) | 61/155 (39.4) | 0.63 |
Background rhythm | ||||
Low voltage† | 32/209 (15.3) | 11/55 (20) | 21/154 (13.6) | 0.26 |
Asymmetry in voltage | 25/213 (11.7) | 4/57 (7) | 21/156 (13.5) | 0.20 |
Asymmetry in frequency | 65/213 (30.5) | 17/56 (30.4) | 48/157 (30.6) | 0.98 |
Discontinuous rhythm‡ | 21/213 (9.9) | 5/57 (8.8) | 16/57 (28) | 0.79 |
Maximal background frequency recorded | ||||
Alpha (> 7 Hz) | 60 (28) | 23 (40.4) | 37 (23.6) | 0.05 |
Frequency not specified | 45 (21) | 11 (19.3) | 34 (21.7) | |
< 7 Hz | 109 (50.9) | 23 (40.4) | 86 (54.8) | |
Minimal background frequency recorded | ||||
Alpha (> 7 Hz) | 23 (10.7) | 10 (17.5) | 13 (8.3) | 0.12 |
Frequency not specified | 52 (24.3) | 11 (19.3) | 41 (26.1) | |
< 7 Hz | 139 (65) | 36 (63.2) | 103 (65.6) | |
Presence of lateralized periodic discharges (LPDs) | 91 (42.5) | 26 (45.6) | 65 (41.4) | 0.58 |
Interictal epileptic activities | ||||
Spikes or sharps | 46 (21.5) | 12 (21.1) | 34 (21.7) | 0.92 |
Spike-and-wave/sharp-and-wave | 14 (6.5) | 2 (3.5) | 12 (7.6) | 0.28 |
Seizures | 21 (9.8) | 5 (8.8) | 16 (10.2) | 0.76 |
Status epilepticus | 16 (7.4) | 2 (3.5) | 14 (8.9) | 0.18 |
Reactivity | ||||
Present | 69 (32.2) | 24 (42.1) | 45 (28.7) | 0.01 |
Not tested | 74 (34.6) | 23 (40.4) | 51 (32.5) | |
Absent | 71 (33.2) | 10 (17.5) | 61 (38.9) |