Patients without obesity | Facemask alone (n = 185) | Facemask combined with HFNO (n = 172) | Patients with obesity | Facemask alone (n = 48) | Facemask combined with HFNO (n = 45) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall (n = 357) | Overall (n = 93) | |||||
Age (years) | 62 (49–69) | 60 (49–69) | 63 (49–69) | 54 (38–65) | 55 (38–64) | 54 (38–65) |
Female sex | 157/356 (44.1) | 85 (45.9) | 72/171 (42.1) | 61 (65.6) | 34 (70.8) | 27 (60.0) |
Body-mass indexa | 24 (22–26) | 24 (22–26) | 24 (22–26) | 35 (32–40) | 34 (32–38) | 36 (32–42) |
ASA score 1 or 2 | 264 (74.0) | 135 (73.0) | 129 (75.0) | 61 (65.6) | 32 (66.7) | 29 (64.4) |
Mallampati score 1 or 2 | 307/354 (86.7) | 160/183 (87.4) | 147/171 (86.0) | 63 (69.2) | 35 (72.9) | 28/43 (65.1) |
Type of surgery | ||||||
Abdominal | 155 (43.4) | 80 (43.2) | 75 (43.6) | 59 (63.4) | 30 (62.5) | 29 (64.4) |
Cardiovascular | 22 (6.2) | 11 (5.9) | 11 (6.4) | 3 (3.2) | 1 (2.1) | 2 (4.4) |
Neurosurgery | 17 (4.8) | 10 (5.4) | 7 (4.1) | 4 (4.3) | 3 (6.3) | 1 (2.2) |
Orthopaedic | 10 (2.8) | 2 (1.1) | 8 (4.7) | 4 (4.3) | 2 (4.2) | 2 (4.4) |
Gynaecologic | 25 (7.0) | 18 (9.7) | 7 (4.1) | 7 (7.5) | 4 (8.3) | 3 (6.7) |
Thoracic | 12 (3.4) | 7 (3.8) | 5 (2.9) | 5 (5.4) | 4 (8.3) | 1 (2.2) |
Otolaryngology | 18 (5.0) | 7 (3.8) | 11 (6.4) | 3 (3.2) | 0 (0) | 3 (6.7) |
Urologic | 87 (24.4) | 44 (23.8) | 43 (25.0) | 3 (3.2) | 1 (2.1) | 2 (4.4) |
Plastic | 5 (1.4) | 3 (1.6) | 2 (1.2) | 4 (4.3) | 2 (4.2) | 2 (4.4) |
Endoscopy | 2 (0.6) | 2 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Other | 4 (1.1) | 1 (0.54) | 3 (1.7) | 1 (1.1) | 1 (2.1) | 0 (0) |
SpO2 (%)b | 98 (97–99) | 98 (97–99) | 98 (97–99) | 98 (96–99) | 98 (97–99) | 98 (96–99) |
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)c | 139 (126–154) | 137 (124–153) | 140 (127–157) | 132 (118–148) | 129 (114–150) | 138 (122–146) |
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)c | 81 (73–89) | 81 (72–88) | 82 (74–90) | 79 (71–86) | 81 (72–87) | 77 (71–85) |
Heart rate (/min) | 74 (66–84) | 76 (67–84) | 73 (65–85) | 78 (69–88) | 79 (70–88) | 78 (67–88) |
Respiratory rate (/min)d | 16 (13–18) | 16 (14–18) | 15 (13–18) | 16 (14–18) | 16 (14–18) | 16 (14–17) |
Hypnotic used for induction | ||||||
Propofol | 225/356 (63.2) | 115/184 (62.5) | 110 (64.0) | 84 (90.3) | 44 (91.7) | 40 (88.9) |
Etomidate | 131/356 (36.8) | 69/184 (37.5) | 62 (36.0) | 8 (8.6) | 3 (6.3) | 5 (11.1) |
Ketamine | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) | 1 (2.1) | 0 (0) |
Opioid used for induction | ||||||
None | 22 (6.2) | 13 (7.0) | 9 (5.2) | 20 (21.5) | 10 (20.9) | 10 (22.2) |
Sufentanil | 263 (73.7) | 132 (71.4) | 131 (76.2) | 40 (43.0) | 19 (39.6) | 21 (46.7) |
Remifentanil | 3 (0.84) | 3 (1.6) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.2) |
Fentanyl | 65 (18.2) | 36 (19.5) | 29 (16.9) | 32 (34.4) | 19 (39.6) | 13 (28.9) |
Hydromorphone | 4 (1.1) | 1 (0.54) | 3 (1.7) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Neuromuscular blocker used for induction | ||||||
None | 1 (0.28) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Rocuronium | 289 (90.0) | 150 (81.1) | 139 (80.9) | 75 (80.7) | 37 (77.1) | 38 (84.4) |
Atracurium | 1 (0.28) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.58) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Cisatracurium | 51 (14.3) | 27 (14.6) | 24 (14.0) | 11 (11.8) | 6 (12.5) | 5 (11.1) |
Succinylcholine | 15 (4.2) | 7 (3.8) | 8 (4.7) | 7 (7.5) | 5 (10.4) | 2 (4.4) |
Rapid sequence induction | 32 (9.0) | 15 (8.1) | 17 (9.9) | 41 (44.1) | 18 (37.5) | 23 (51.1) |
Intubation device | ||||||
Videolaryngoscope | 265 (74.2) | 128 (69.2) | 137 (79.7) | 69 (74.2) | 36 (75.0) | 33 (73.3) |
Macintosh laryngoscope | 92 (25.8) | 57 (30.8) | 35 (20.3) | 24 (25.8) | 12 (25.0) | 12 (26.7) |