Process indicators |
---|
Mechanical ventilation |
   Semi-recumbent position during mechanical ventilation [72, 73] |
   Overinflation of the endotracheal balloon [14] |
Sedation |
   Screening for ventilator weaning readiness [73] |
   Sedation interruption [73] |
   Sedation monitoring [73] |
Medication |
   Medication administered to wrong patient [14] |
   Error administering anticoagulant medication [14] |
   Error prescribing anticoagulant medication [14] |
   Error administering vasoactive drugs [14] |
   Error administering insulin [14] |
   Death or serious disability associated with hypoglycaemia [75] |
IV lines |
   Screening for readiness for removal of central venous catheter [72] |
Management |
   Appropriate use of prophylaxis against gastrointestinal haemorrhage in patients receiving mechanical ventilation [72, 73] |
   Appropriate use of thromboembolism prophylaxis [72, 73] |
   Appropriate use of early enteral nutrition [72] |
   Early management of severe sepsis, septic shock [72] |
   Surgical intervention in traumatic brain injury with subdural and/or epidural brain trauma [72] |
   Monitoring of intracranial pressure in severe traumatic brain injury with abnormal CT findings [72] |
   Delay in surgical treatment [14] |
   Change of route for quinolones IV/PO [72] |
   Screening for MRSA on admission [76] |
   Pain management in un sedated patients [72] |
   Events during ICU transport [73] |
Complications |
   Pneumonia associated with mechanical ventilation [72] |
   Accidental removal of a central venous catheter |
Catheter-related bloodstream infections [76] Pneumothorax related to insertion of a central venous catheter [40, 76] |
   Death or serious disability associated with intravascular air embolism [75] |
   Fall [14] |
   Death or serious disability associated with a haemolytic reaction due to the administration of ABO-incompatible blood or blood product [75] |
   Percentage of resistant organisms [74] |
   Pressure sores [73] |
Outcome indicators |
   ICU mortality rate [74] |
   Hospital mortality rate [73] |
   Percentage of ICU patients with ICU stays longer than 7 days [74] |
   Mean ICU length of stay [74] |
   Mean days on mechanical ventilation [74] |
   Rate of re-admissions < 72 hours [73] |
   Family satisfaction [73] |
Structural indicators |
Institutional variables |
   Process for ensuring staff competencies |
   Transitional period to integrate new healthcare workers |
   Clear task identification |
   Absenteeism, magnitude of personnel turn-over |
   Adverse-event reporting system |
Task variables |
   Availability of protocols |
   Policy to prevent medication errors |
   Policy to register outcomes |
Team variables |
   Adequacy of staffing |
   Nurse-to-patient ratio |
   Availability of an intensive care practitioner 24 h a day |
   Pharmacist present during ICU rounds [77]) |
   Communication or conflicts among team members [78] |