Study | Drug | Patient population | Dosage | Study type | Outcome measure | Outcome | Remarks |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Grant 2002 [49] | Piperacillin-tazobactam | Hospitalized patients | 12 g/d CI (n = 47) vs. 4 x 3 g/d II (n = 51) | Prospective, open- label controlled study | Clinical cure Microbiological cure Days to defervescence Level 1 costs Level 2 costs | NS NS CI < II (p  = 0.012) NS CI < II (p  = 0.028) |  |
Lau 2006 [42] | Piperacillin-tazobactam | Complicated intra- abdominal infections | 12 g/d CI (n = 130) vs. 4 x 3 g/d II (n = 132) | RCT | Clinical cure Mortality Adverse events | NS NS NS |  |
*Rafati 2006 [16] | Piperacillin | Septic, critically ill patients | 8 g/d CI (n = 20) vs. 4 x 3 g/d II (n = 20) | RCT | Mortality Rate of decrease APACHE II score Days to defervescence | NS CI > II NS | Lower antimicrobial dose in CI group |
*Lodise 2007 [50] | Piperacillin- tazobactam | Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, including both ICU patients (n = 126) and non-ICU patients (n = 68) | 3 x 3.375 g/d in extended infusions of 4 h (n = 102) vs. 4 or 6 x 3.375 g/d II (n = 92) | Retrospective cohort study | 14-day mortality APACHE II < 17 APACHE II ≥ 17 Length of stay: APACHE II < 17 APACHE II ≥ 17 | NSExtended infusion < II (p = 0,04) NSExtended infusion < II (p = 0,02) | Lower antimicrobial dose in extended infusion group Significant outcome differences only in subpopulation with high severity of illness (APACHE II ≥ 17) |
*Lorente 2009 [51] | Piperacillin- tazobactam (+ tobramycin 7 mg/kg/d) | VAP | 16 g/d CI (n = 37) vs. 4 x 4 g/d II (n = 46) | Retrospective cohort study | Clinical cure: MIC = 4 μg/ml MIC = 8 μg/ml MIC = 16 μg/ml | NSCI > II(p  = 0.02) CI > II(p  = 0.02) | Significant outcome differences only in infections caused by pathogens with high MICs |