Intra-abdominal pressure measurement using the FoleyManometer does not increase the risk for urinary tract infection in critically ill patients

Annals of Intensive Care

Table 2 Risk and rate of urinary tract infections during the four study periods

	Period 1	Period 2	Period 3	Period 4	Total
	Control group	Modified Cheatham technique	FoleyManometer	FoleyManometerLV
	2000-2001	2002-2003	2004-2005	2006-2007
UC	915	1,062	1,568	1,896	5,441
UC/patient	0.4	0.7	1.2	1.7	0.9
POS UC	114	119	204	171	608
POS UC/UC sample, %	12.5	11.2	13	9*	11.2
UTI	102	106	133	140	481
UTI risk (CR), %	5.0	7.2	10.5	12.7°	8.2
UTI risk (ADJ), %	11.1	10.0	8.5	7.4	8.8
UTI/1,000 CD (CR)	12.7	14.6	17.5^§	19.6^#	16.1
UTI/1,000 CD (ADJ)	12.7	11.7	13.6	13.3	12.8

ADJ, adjusted; CD, catheter days; CR, crude rate; POS, positive (bacteriuria); UC, urine culture; UTI, urinary tract infection = positive UC with more than five leucocytes per high power field or more than 25 leucocytes per microliter; UTI risk (CR), the number of UTI divided by the total number of patients; UTI risk (ADJ), the number of UTI divided by the number of UC taken; UTI/1,000 CD (CR), the number of UTI/period/1,000 CD; UTI/1,000 CD (ADJ), the crude UTI rate multiplied by the ratio of control (group 1) versus study (groups 2-4) patients SAPS-II probability of mortality. *p value 0.007, 0.06, and < 0.001 when period 4 was compared to period 1 (control), period 2 and period 3, respectively, regarding number of positive UC with regard to total number of UC; °p value 0.039 and 0.035 when period 4 was compared to period 1 and 2, respectively; ^# p value < 0.001 and 0.011 when period 4 was compared to period 1 and 2, respectively; ^§ p value 0.007 when period 3 was compared to period 1.