Temporal differences in the development of organ dysfunction based on two different approaches to induce experimental intra-abdominal hypertension in swine

Annals of Intensive Care

Table 1 Physiological parameters.

Parameter	Group	T= 0 h (baseline)^a	T= 12 h^a	P value^b
IBP (mmHg)	Control	5 (2)	7 (1)	< 0.0001
	CO2	5 (2)	26 (1)^c
	VOL	5 (1)	21 (4)
Survival (%)	Control	100	100
	CO2	100	63
	VOL	100	63
pCO₂ (kPa)	Control	4.6 (0.6)	5.4 (0.9)	< 0.0001
	CO2	4.9 (0.4)	11.5 (3.2)^c
	VOL	4.5 (0.5)	7.4 (4.5)
pH	Control	7.5 (0.1)	7.5 (0.1)	< 0.0001
	CO2	7.5 (0.0)	7.1 (0.1)^c
	VOL	7.6 (0.0)	7.3 (0.2)
Base excess (mmol/l)	Control	7.0 (0.8)	4.4 (1.3)	< 0.0001
	CO2	7.0 (1.2)	-1.4 (4.7)^c
	VOL	7.5 (1.3)	-0.1 (4.6)
Creatinine (mg/dl)	Control	1.4 (0.3)	1.9 (0.5)	< 0.0001
	CO2	1.4 (0.3)	3.8 (0.7)^c
	VOL	1.3 (0.3)	4.3 (0.8)^c
Diuresis (ml/h)	Control	48 (38)	38 (22)	0.0005
	CO2	43 (24)	1 (2)^c
	VOL	49 (27)	4 (4)^c
K⁺ (mmol/l)	Control	4.7 (1.0)	4.6 (0.5)	< 0.0001
	CO2	4.4 (0.5)	7.6 (1.1)^c
	VOL	4.1 (0.3)	8.2 (0.4)^c
Lactate (mmol/l)	Control	1.0 (0.3)	0.8 (0.4)	0.0007
	CO2	0.9 (0.2)	3.6 (3.1)
	VOL	1.1 (0.4)	3.1 (3.3)^c

^aData presented as mean ± standard deviation [SD]. Control, control group; CO2, group with CO₂ pneumoperitoneum; VOL, group with intra-abdominal volume addition by placement of saline bags. Statistics: group-time interactions were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA. ^bDifference between groups over time. Kruskal-Wallis one-way ANOVA on ranks using Dunn's method for multiple comparisons between groups at corresponding moments, ^cdifferent from control,. For survival, no statistically significant different odds ratios were observed: control vs. VOL = 10.8 (P = 0.14), control vs. CO2 = 6.5 (P = 0.25), VOL vs. CO2 = 1.8 (P = 0.59). IBP, intra-bladder pressure; pCO₂, partial pressure of CO₂.