Table 1 Study characteristics included in systematic review
From: Hypernatremia in patients with severe traumatic brain injury: a systematic review
Author, Yr | Inclusion & Patient Population | Admission GCS | Hyperosmolar therapy | Na levels | Outcome | Adjusted Regression Parameter | No. with DI (%) | NOS |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(No. of patients) | & No. (%) | & No. (%) | ||||||
Aiyagari [25] (n = 4296) | Admitted to ICU >17 yrs old TBI 17% | Median 13 (range 3 – 15) | Mannitol 605/4296 (14%); No HTS used | 151 – 155 166/4296 (3.9%) | ICU mortality 33/166 (20%) | NR | DI due to brain death excluded; vasopressin use in 34/339 (10%) of pts. with hypernatremia | 7 |
156 – 160 78/4296 (1.8%) | ICU mortality 23/78 (30%) | NR | ||||||
>160 95/4296 (2.2%) | ICU mortality 46/95 (48%) | OR 4.81 (CI 2.4 – 9.6) | ||||||
OR 4.22 (CI: 1.8 – 10.6) | ||||||||
Froelich [26] (n = 187) | GCS <9 & LOS ≥5d TBI 16% | NR | HTS as continuous infusion in 107/187 (57%) | > 155 69/187 (37%) | Creatinine >132.6 μmol/L 21/67 (31%) | OR 2.8 (CI: 1.3 – 6.2) | NR | 8 |
DVT 16/69 (23%) | OR 2.3 (CI: 0.9 – 5.9) | |||||||
Infection 57/69 (83%) | OR 1.1 (CI: 0.4 – 2.9) | |||||||
Li [27] (n = 881) | TBI patients admitted to ICU ≥24 hrs | Median 7 (IQR 4 – 9) | Dose of mannitol reported, not proportion; HTS use NR | 150 – 15434/881 (3.9%) | ICU mortality 7/34 (21%) | OR 9.5 (CI: 2.5 – 36.5) | 6/34 (18%) | 7 |
155 – 159 66/881 (7.5%) | ICU mortality 28/66 (42%) | OR 4.3 (CI: 1.5 – 12.9) | 27/66 (41%) | |||||
≥ 160 167/881 (19%) | ICU mortality 145/167 (87%) | OR 29.3 (CI: 11.5 – 74.4) | 141/167 (84%) | |||||
Maggiore [28] (n = 130) | TBI with GCS ≤8 | Median 3 (range 3 – 8) | Mannitol in 64/130 (49%); HTS in 47/130 (36%) | >145 176/1103 (16%) patient days | 14d mortality 34/130 (26%) | HR 4.23 (CI: 1.6 – 10.2) | 0/130 | 8 |
HR 0.584 (CI: 0.07 – 3.7) | 25/130 (19%) | |||||||
Shehata [29] (n = 100) | TBI with GCS ≤8 | Range 3 - 10 | NR | >145 40/100 (40%) | ICU mortality 36/100 (36%) | HR 3.2 (CI: 1.78 – 5.7) | NR | 3 |