Fig. 1
From: Feeding critically ill patients the right ‘whey’: thinking outside of the box. A personal view
A simplified overview of the anabolic and catabolic pathways in skeletal muscle.AKT= protein kinase b;FOXO-1=forkhead box class O-1; IRS-1=insulin receptor substrate-1; MAFBx=muscle atrophy f-box-1; MURF-1=muscle ring finger protein 1; NF κB= nucelar factor κB; IKK = inhibitor of nuclear factor κB kinase; IκB=inhibitor of nuclear factor κB; 4E-BP1= eukaryotic initiation factor (eIF) 4E binding protein 1; P70S6K = 70-kDa ribosomal protein S6 kinase; mTOR= mammalian target of rapamycin; TNF-α= tumour necrosis factor-α