Fig. 3

Definite causes of early (a, n = 78) and late (b, n = 124) deaths in the ICU. Others (one asterisk): myocardial infarction (n = 1), pulmonary embolism (n = 1), ARDS-related refractory hypoxemia (n = 1), intestinal obstruction (n = 1). Iatrogenic complications (two asterisks): hypoxemic cardiac arrest complicating emergency endotracheal intubation (n = 3). Digestive complications (three asterisks): gastrointestinal hemorrhage (n = 2), digestive perforation (n = 3). Others (four asterisks): myocardial infarction (n = 2), lymphoma-related tumor lysis syndrome (n = 2), extensive limb ischemia (n = 1), acute liver failure (n = 1). Iatrogenic complications (five asterisks) related to chest tube insertion (n = 1), catheter insertion (n = 1), accidental removal of tracheostomy (n = 1), and cardiac arrest at the start of hemodialysis (n = 1). MOF multiple organ failure, ICU intensive care unit, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome