Table 1 Predictive factors of 28-day mortality determined by univariate analysis in 218 cirrhotic patients admitted to the ICU
From: Prognosis of cirrhotic patients admitted to the general ICU
28-day survivors (n = 102) | 28-day non-survivors (n = 116) | p | |
|---|---|---|---|
Variable | |||
Age | 57 (50–66) | 59 (51–68) | 0.47 |
Male sex | 75 (74) | 90 (78) | 0.53 |
Hepatology transfer | 31 (30) | 54 (47) | 0.02 |
Diabetes mellitus | 36 (35) | 24 (21) | 0.02 |
Smoker | 88 (86) | 89 (77) | 0.08 |
Chronic renal failure | 9 (9) | 10 (9) | 1 |
Cancer | 15 (15) | 15 (13) | 0.84 |
Characteristics of cirrhosis | |||
Alcoholic cause | 83 (81) | 101 (88) | 0.26 |
Viral cause | 14 (14) | 18 (16) | 0.70 |
Esophageal varices | 72 (71) | 86 (75) | 0.54 |
Ascites | 63 (62) | 86 (74) | 0.06 |
Diagnosis at ICU admission | |||
Hemodynamic failure | 34 (34) | 81 (70) | <0.0001 |
Gastrointestinal bleeding | 13 (13) | 15 (13) | 1 |
Respiratory failure | 43 (42) | 36 (31) | 0.09 |
Severe sepsis | 18 (18) | 42 (36) | 0.002 |
Septic shock | 12 (12) | 26 (22) | 0.048 |
Renal failure | 20 (20) | 34 (29) | 0.12 |
Neurological failure | 60 (59) | 56 (48) | 0.14 |
Cardiorespiratory arrest | 2 (2) | 16 (14) | 0.002 |
Clinical parameters at ICU admission | |||
Temperature | 37.0 (36.1–37.6) | 36.0 (35.0–37.0) | <0.0001 |
Systolic arterial pressure | 110 (100–126) | 100 (90–112) | <0.0001 |
Mean arterial pressure | 70 (65–80) | 62 (55–68) | <0.0001 |
Biological parameters at ICU admission | |||
International normalized ratio | 2.1 (1.7–2.8) | 3.6 (2.3–6.5) | <0.0001 |
Blood glucose (mmol/L) | 7.4 (6.0–9.5) | 6.0 (3.7–8.4) | 0.0002 |
Creatinine (µmol/L) | 127 (78–210) | 186 (118–293) | 0.001 |
pH | 7.37 (7.29–7.44) | 7.25 (7.09–7.39) | <0.0001 |
Lactate (mmol/L) | 2.4 (1.7–3.6) | 4.7 (2.5–11.3) | <0.0001 |
PaO2/FiO2 | 290 (190–400) | 200 (118–348) | 0.003 |
White blood cells (×109/L) | 10.5 (7.4–15.5) | 12.5 (8.4–19.0) | 0.03 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 9.9 (8.8–11.4) | 8.8 (7.4–11.0) | 0.005 |
Platelets (×109/L) | 113 (79–172) | 90 (62–141) | 0.005 |
Bilirubin (µmol/L) | 37 (20–90) | 112 (34–248) | <0.0001 |
Albumin (g/L) | 26 (22–30) | 22 (18–28) | 0.002 |
Prothrombin rate (%) | 43 (33–54) | 25 (16–39) | <0.0001 |
Prognostic scores at ICU admission | |||
Child–Pugh | 10 (8–12) | 11 (10–13) | <0.0001 |
MELD | 21 (15–29) | 35 (25–45) | <0.0001 |
IGS II | 49 (39–60) | 68 (57–81) | <0.0001 |
APACHE II | 23 (18–27) | 28 (23–34) | <0.0001 |
SOFA | 10 (7–12) | 14 (11–17) | <0.0001 |
CLIF-SOFA | 13 (10–15) | 16 (13–19) | <0.0001 |
Prognostic score after ICU admission | |||
SOFA at day 3 | 8 (5–10) | 16 (12–19) | <0.0001 |
Clinical feature during ICU stay | |||
Mechanical invasive ventilation | 76 (75) | 106 (91) | 0.009 |
Vasopressor therapy | 78 (76) | 109 (94) | 0.0003 |
Renal replacement therapy | 28 (27) | 84 (72) | <0.0001 |
MARS | 8 (8) | 14 (12) | 0.37 |
Clinical course in ICU | |||
Documented infection | 76 (75) | 94 (81) | 0.26 |
Severe sepsis | 56 (55) | 88 (76) | 0.002 |
Septic shock | 35 (34) | 63 (54) | 0.004 |
Gastrointestinal bleeding | 30 (29) | 39 (34) | 0.56 |
Hepatic encephalopathy | 64 (63) | 57 (49) | 0.06 |