Early risk factors and the role of fluid administration in developing acute respiratory distress syndrome in septic patients

Seethala, Raghu R.; Hou, Peter C.; Aisiku, Imoigele P.; Frendl, Gyorgy; Park, Pauline K.; Mikkelsen, Mark E.; Chang, Steven Y.; Gajic, Ognjen; Sevransky, Jonathan

doi:10.1186/s13613-017-0233-1

Annals of Intensive Care

Table 1 Characteristics of patients in the sepsis cohort

From: Early risk factors and the role of fluid administration in developing acute respiratory distress syndrome in septic patients

	Total (n = 2534)	ARDS (n = 156)	No ARDS (n = 2378)	p value
APACHE II	11.7 ± 6.4	16.3 ± 7.4	11.4 ± 6.2	<0.001
Age (years)	58.5 ± 18.8	54.9 ± 17.3	58.8 ± 18.9	0.01
Total fluid infused during first 6 h (L)	1.49 ± 1.51	2.54 ± 2.31	1.41 ± 1.42	<0.001
Race				0.04
White	1448 (59.2)	97 (63.8)	1351 (58.9)
Black	724 (29.6)	31 (20.4)	693 (30.2)
Asian	35 (1.4)	3 (2.0)	32 (1.4)
Other	240 (9.8)	21 (13.8)	219 (9.5)
Shock	234 (9.23)	44 (28.2)	190 (8.0)	<0.001
Male	1298 (51.2)	94 (60.3)	1204 (50.6)	0.02
Pneumonia as site of infection	1234 (48.7)	91 (58.33)	1143 (48.1)	0.01
Alcohol use	596 (26.0)	41 (29.3)	555 (25.8)	0.36
Blood product transfusion	51 (2.6)	10 (8.6)	41 (2.2)	<0.001
Aspiration	103 (4.1)	15 (9.6)	88 (3.7)	<0.001
Pancreatitis	24 (1.0)	5 (3.2)	19 (0.8)	0.003
Thoracic surgery	6 (0.2)	0 (0.0)	6 (0.3)	0.53
Spine surgery	3 (0.1)	2 (1.3)	1 (0.0)	<0.001
Acute abdomen	42 (1.7)	6 (3.9)	36 (1.5)	0.03
Cardiac surgery	3 (0.1)	0 (0.0)	3 (0.1)	0.66
Aortic surgery	3 (0.1)	0 (0.0)	3 (0.1)	0.66
Lung contusion	2 (0.1)	0 (0.0)	2 (0.1)	0.72
Near drowning	0 (0)	0	0	NA
Brain injury	11 (0.4)	3 (1.9)	8 (0.34)	0.004
Smoke inhalation	4 (0.2)	1 (0.6)	3 (0.1)	0.12
Long-bone fractures	5 (0.2)	3 (1.9)	2 (0.1)	<0.001
Obesity (BMI > 30)	598 (23.6)	44 (28.2)	554 (23.3)	0.16
Chemotherapy	131 (5.2)	10 (6.4)	121 (5.1)	0.47
Diabetes mellitus	733 (28.9)	33 (21.1)	700 (29.4)	0.03
Tobacco use				0.83
Never	1177 (49.7)	73 (51.4)	1104 (49.6)
Former	652 (27.6)	36 (25.4)	616 (27.7)
Current	538 (22.7)	33 (23.3)	505 (22.7)
Emergency surgery	41 (1.6)	5 (3.2)	36 (1.5)	0.10
Tachypnea (RR > 30)	239 (9.7)	30 (20.0)	209 (9.0)	<0.001
Hypoxemia (SpO₂ < 95%)	861 (34.6)	68 (44.2)	793 (34.0)	0.01
FIO₂ >0.35	395 (17.0)	61 (41.2)	334 (15.4)	<0.001
Hypoalbuminemia	695 (54.9)	64 (74.4)	631 (53.4)	<0.001
Acidosis (pH < 7.35)	231 (42.5)	50 (55.6)	181 (40.0)	0.006

Data are presented as mean ± SD or n (%) unless otherwise indicated
APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, BMI body mass index, RR respiratory rate

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