Table 1 Main characteristics of the included studies
References | Country | Mean age (years) total or case/control | Patient source | Sepsis/control (n) | Specimen tested | Inclusion criteria | Controls | Reference | Tests |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Shozushima et al. [17] | Japan | 62 | CCU and ED | 101/41 | Whole blood | Presented to CCU and ED with ≥ 2 criteria for SIRS | SIRS (n = 41) | ACCP/SCCM 1991 | PATHFAST |
Endo et al. [29] | Japan | 75/66 | ICU and ED | 115/70 | Whole blood | Presented to ICU or ED with 1 criteria for SIRS | Non-infectious (n = 70) | Blood culture | PATHFAST |
Liu et al. [33] | China | 71/69 | ED | 680/279 | Whole blood | Presented to ED with definition of sepsis by ACCP/SCCM | SIRS (n = 179) HC (n = 100) | ACCP/SCCM 2001 | PATHFAST |
Ulla et al. [38] | Italy | 71/56 | ED | 106/83 | Plasma | Presented to ED with ≥ 2 criteria for SIRS | SIRS (n = 83) | ACCP/SCCM 1991 | PATHFAST |
Vodnik et al. [39] | Serbia | 56/55.15 | ED | 30/100 | Plasma | Presented to ED with ≥ 2 criteria for SIRS and intra-abdominal infection | SIRS (n = 30) HC (n = 70) | ACCP/SCCM 1991 | PATHFAST |
Behnes et al. [25] | Germany | 68/64 | ICU | 81/15 | Serum | Presented to ICU with proven criteria of septic shock | SIRS (n = 15) | ACCP/SCCM 1991 | PATHFAST |
Brenner et al. [26] | Germany | 70/44 | ICU | 60/60 | Plasma | Presented to ICU with proven criteria of septic shock | HC (n = 30) Postoperative (n = 30) | ACCP/SCCM 2001 | PATHFAST |
Romualdo et al. [35] | Spain | 71/67 | ED | 37/189 | Plasma | Presented to ED with SIRS and suspected infection | Negative blood cultures in SIRS (n = 189) | SSIDCM | PATHFAST |
Ishikura et al. [31] | Japan | 67.2 | ED | 43/39 | Whole blood | Presented to ED and CCM with ≥ 1 criteria for SIRS | Non-sepsis (n = 39) | ACCP/SCCM 1991 | PATHFAST |
Kweon et al. [32] | Korea | 64.3/56.1 | ED | 73/45 | Whole blood | Presented to ED with ≥ 2 criteria for SIRS | SIRS (n = 20) HC (n = 25) | ACCP/SCCM 1991 | PATHFAST |
Cakir Madenci et al. [27] | Turkey | 38.5/44 | ICU | 26/11 | Plasma | Presented to ICU with burn | Burn patients without sepsis (n = 11) | ABA | PATHFAST |
Nakamura et al. [34] | Japan | 70 | ICU | 37/75 | Serum | ICU admission | Non-sepsis (n = 75) | ACCP/SCCM 1991 | PATHFAST |
Sargentini et al. [36] | Italy | 55/53 | CCU | 60/44 | Plasma | CCU admission | SIRS (n = 14) HC (n = 30) | ACCP/SCCM 1991 | PATHFAST |
Godnic et al. [30] | Slovenia | Not provided | ICU | 40/7 | Plasma | Presented to ICU with ≥ 2 criteria for SIRS | SIRS (n = 7) | Blood culture | PATHFAST |
Takahashi et al. [37] | Japan | 80 | ED and ICU | 359/97 | Whole blood | Presented to ED with ≥ 1 criteria for SIRS | SIRS (n = 97) | ACCP/SCCM 1991 | PATHFAST |
Carpio et al. [28] | Peru | 34/69 | ICU | 114/9 | Plasma | Presented to ICU with SIRS and suspected infection | SIRS (n = 9) | ACCP/SCCM 1991 | PATHFAST |
Kada Klouche et al. [41] | France | 58 | ICU | 100/44 | Plasma | Presented to ICU with suspected infection | SIRS (n = 44) | Sepsis 3.0 | PATHFAST |
Romualdo et al. [40] | Spain | 73/69 | ED | 70/130 | Plasma | Presented to ED with suspected infection | Non-complicated infection (n = 130) | Sepsis 3.0 | PATHFAST |