Herpesviridae lung reactivation and infection in patients with severe COVID-19 or influenza virus pneumonia: a comparative study

Annals of Intensive Care

Table 1 Characteristics of patients

Characteristic	COVID-19 patients (n = 145)	Influenza patients (n = 89)
ICU admission
Age, y	53 (44–58)	55 (44–62)
Male sex^a	103 (71)	50 (56)
Symptom-onset-to-ICU-admission interval, days^a	7 (5–10)	8 (5–14)
Admission SAPS II^a,b	59 (52–67)	71 (59–83)
Admission SOFA score^a,c	12 (9–13)	15 (12–17)
Immunocompromised^d	12 (8)	13 (15)
Documented bacterial coinfection^a	10 (19)	41 (46)
Procedures and outcome during ICU stay
Corticosteroids use^a,e	127 (88)	18 (20)
Tocilizumab use^a	13 (9)	0
ECMO^a
VA-ECMO	3 (2)	20 (22)
VV-ECMO	141 (97)	65 (73)
No ECMO	1 (1)	4 (5)
ICU-acquired infection
Ventilator-associated pneumonia	134 (92)	53 (60)
Bloodstream infection	79 (54)	26 (29)
Days on ECMO^a	30 (12–45)	13 (7–28)
Days on mechanical ventilation^a,b	44 (24–62)	27 (13–48)
ICU length of stay, days^a	49 (31–69)	26 (11–47)
ICU mortality rate, days	63 (43)	44 (49)

Results are expressed as median (IQR) or n (%). COVID-19 coronavirus-infection disease 19, ICU intensive care unit, SAPS II severe acute physiology score, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, VAP ventilator-associated pneumonia, ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
^ap < 0.05
^bPossible score, 0 to 163; higher scores indicate greater disease severity; p < 0.0001
^cCalculated from 6 variables obtained the day of admission, taking into account each parameter’s worst values during the 24 h following admission. Scores range from 0 to 24, with higher scores indicating more severe organ failure and higher mortality risk. Patients with a SOFA score = 10 have a 40–50% predicted mean chance of survival; p < 0.01
^dSolid organ transplant recipients, hematological malignancy or receiving immunosuppressant drug (including corticosteroids at a dose ≥ 0.5 mg/kg/d for ≥ 1 month)
^eAt a dose ≥ 40 mg/d of prednisone or its equivalent for at least 5 consecutive days, and including high doses of methylprednisolone for persistent acute respiratory distress syndrome