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Annals of Intensive Care

Table 1 Patients’ characteristics at ICU admission (univariate analysis)

From: Characteristics and outcomes of patients with acute myeloid leukemia admitted to intensive care unit with acute respiratory failure: a post-hoc analysis of a prospective multicenter study

Characteristic

Missing data, n (%)

Overall (n = 201)

Alive (n = 107)

Dead (n = 94)

p value

Age, years, median (IQR)

 

60·3 (50.5–68.1)

57.1 (44.9–66.9)

62.7 (53.0–68.7)

0.07

Male sex, n (%)

 

119 (59.2)

64 (59.8)

55 (58.5)

0.89

Disease status, n (%)*

    

0.07

 New diagnosis

 

83 (41.3)

41 (38.3)

42 (44.7)

 

 First line of treatment

 

29 (14.4)

22 (20.6)

7 (7.4)

 

    ≥ 2 line of treatment

 

29 (14.4)

11 (10.3)

18 (19.1)

 

 Remission

 

25 (12.4)

15 (14.0)

10 (10.6)

 

  Active disease

 

7 (3.5)

3 (2.8)

4 (4.3)

 

 Unknown

 

28 (13.9)

15 (14.0)

13 (13.8)

 

Transplant, n (%)

    

0.09

   HSCT

 

58 (28.9)

26 (24.3)

32 (34.0)

 

 ASCT

 

2 (1.0)

0 (0.0)

2 (2.1)

 

 No HSCT

 

141 (70.1)

81 (75.7)

60 (63.8)

 

Non-hematological systemic diseases, n (%)

 

12 (6.0)

8 (7.5)

4 (4.3)

0.51

ECOG ≥ 2, n (%)

 

67 (39.2)

28 (31.1)

39 (48.1)

0.03

Comorbidities, n (%)

     

 Cardiac

14 (7.0)

46 (24.6)

25 (24.5)

21 (24.7)

1.00

 COPD

10 (5.0)

20 (10.5)

13 (13.0)

7 (7.7)

0.34

 Diabetes

9 (4.5)

25 (13.0)

11 (11.0)

14 (15.2)

0.51

 Chronic Renal Failure

6 (3.0)

11 (5.6)

6 (5.8)

5 (5.5)

1.00

 Cirrhosis

7 (3.5)

2 (1.0)

2 (1.9)

0 (0.0)

0.53

Prophylaxis, n (%)

     

 Antifungal

 

131 (65.2)

67 (62.6)

64 (68.1)

0.68

 Viral

 

80 (39.8)

35 (32.7)

45 (47.9)

0.09

 Pneumocystis

 

41 (20.4)

18 (16.8)

23 (24.5)

0.40

Code status at ICU admission, n (%)

    

0.02

 Full code

 

173 (86.1)

98 (91.6)

75 (79.8)

 

 Time-limited trial

 

4 (2.0)

0 (0.0)

4 (4.3)

 

 Early admission

 

5 (2.5)

0 (0.0)

5 (5.3)

 

 DNI/DNR

 

8 (4.0)

4 (3.7)

4 (4.3)

 

 Unknown

 

11 (5.5)

5 (4.6)

6 (6.4)

 

Clinical features at admission and day 1, n (%)

 Chest pain

17 (8.5)

28 (15.2)

19 (19.4)

9 (10.5)

0.14

 Cough

15 (7.5)

79 (42.5)

33 (33.3)

46 (52.9)

0.01

 Sputum

16 (8.0)

26 (14.1)

8 (8.2)

18 (20.7)

0.03

 Hemoptysis

13 (6.5)

20 (10.6)

10 (10.1)

10 (11.2)

0.99

 Muscle pain

15 (7.5)

9 (4.8)

4 (4.0)

5 (5.7)

0.84

 Rhinorrhea

17 (8.5)

4 (2.1)

2 (2.0)

2 (2.2)

1.00

 Rash

13 (6.5)

20 (10.6)

12 (12.1)

8 (9.0)

0.65

 Neutropenia

 

52 (25.9)

29 (27.1)

23 (24.5)

0.79

 White blood cells, × 109/L, median (IQR)

 

4.00 (0.00–26.00)

3·00 (0.00–24.50)

6.00 (0.00–25.50)

0.46

 Platelets, median (IQR)

 

28.00 (13.00–64.50)

32.50 (15.00–68.75)

23.00 (13.00–48.00)

0.07

 Temperature, median (IQR)

 

38.4 (37.4–39.3)

38.5 (37·4–39.5)

38.4 (37.1–39.1)

0.21

 RR

 

33 (27–38)

32.5 (27–38)

33 (27–39)

0.68

 SpO2

 

92 (89–95)

92 (89–95)

92 (89–95)

0.43

 PaO2, mmHg

 

68.0 (58.0–85.2)

65.5 (54.5–83.7)

68.5 (58.2–88.7)

0.31

 PaCO2, mmHg

 

36.5 (31.0–47.2)

35.0 (30.0–43.5)

39.0 (31.0–50.0)

0.08

 PaO2/FiO2

 

150 (98–232)

157.5 (94–255.5)

137 (101–210)

0.44

 Berlin category (patients with ARDS), n (%)

 

145 (72.1)

73 (68.2)

72 (76.6)

0.21

  Mild

 

32 (22.1)

17 (23.3)

15 (20.8)

0.55

  Moderate

 

70 (48.3)

32 (43.8)

38 (52.8)

 

  Severe

 

43 (29.7)

24 (32.9)

19 (26.4)

 

Oxygen Flow, L/min, median (IQR)

 

11·5 (8–15)

11 (7–15)

11 (9–13.5)

0.58

SOFA score at admission, median (IQR)

 Respiratory

 

2 (2–3)

2 (1–3)

2 (2–3)

0.36

 Cardiovascular

 

1 (0–4)

0 (0–3)

1 (0–4)

0.06

 Hepatic

 

0 (0–1)

0 (0–1)

1 (0–2)

0.01

 Neurological

 

0 (0–1)

0 (0–0)

0 (0–1)

0.24

 Renal

 

0 (0–1)

0 (0–1)

0 (0–2)

0.19

 Hemostatic

 

3 (2–4)

3 (2–4)

3 (3–4)

0.06

 Total

 

8 (6–12)

7 (5–10)

9 (7–13)

0.001

Days from ARF to ICU admission, median (IQR)

 

1 (0–3)

1 (0–2)

1 (0–3.25)

0.21

Days from AML diagnosis to ICU admission, median (IQR)

 

22.50 (2–165)

24 (4–173)

20 (0.50–160.5)

0.37

Radiological findings

 Chest X-ray pattern, n (%)

  Alveolar Focal

 

39 (19.4)

29 (27.1)

10 (10.6)

0.01

   Diffuse

 

77 (38.3)

36 (33.6)

41 (43.6)

0.19

  Interstitial Focal

 

10 (5.0)

9 (8.4)

1 (1.1)

0.04

   Diffuse

 

100 (49.8)

45 (42.1)

55 (58.5)

0.03

  Pleural effusion

 

78 (39.0)

44 (41.5)

34 (36.2)

0.53

  Fibrosis

 

5 (2.5)

1 (0.9)

4 (4.3)

0.29

  N.quadrants involved, median (IQR)

 

3 (2–4)

3 (2–4)

4 (2–4)

0.02

 CT-scan patterns, n (%)

  Halo sign

 

2 (1.0)

1 (0.9)

1 (1.1)

1.00

  Nodules

 

14 (7.0)

10 (9.3)

4 (4.3)

0.26

  Pleural effusion

 

61 (30.5)

31 (29.2)

30 (31.9)

0.80

  Alveolar consolidation

 

68 (33.8)

32 (30.0)

36 (38.3)

0.21

   Focal

 

35 (17.4)

20 (18.7)

15 (16.0)

0.71

   Diffuse

 

33 (16.4)

12 (11.2)

21 (22.3)

0.04

  Ground glass opacities

 

59 (29.4)

30 (28.0)

29 (31)

0.66

   Focal

 

19 (9.5)

15 (14.0)

4 (4.3)

0.03

   Diffuse

 

40 (20.0)

15 (14.0)

25 (26.6)

0.03

  Septal thickening

 

22 (11.0)

11 (10.4)

11 (11.7)

0.94

  1. HSCT hematopoietic stem cell transplantation; ASCT autologous stem cell transplantation; ECOG Eastern Cooperative Group Performance Status; DNI/DNR Do Not Intubate/Do Not Resuscitate; RR respiratory rate
  2. *New diagnosis: newly diagnosed AML who are about to start the appropriate treatments; active disease: already diagnosed AML with active and uncontrolled disease, off-therapy after the failure of previous treatments (e.g., palliative setting)
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