Table 3 Comparison of the significant variables between cluster 1, 2 and 3

Transplant, n (%)

 < 0.001

 No

67 (88.2)

26 (48.1)

48 (67.6)

 ASCT

0

0

2 (2.8)

 HSCT

9 (11.8)

28 (51.9)

21 (29.6)

Cinical features, n (%)

 Chest pain

15 (22.1)

11 (22.0)

2 (3.0)

0.003

 Cough

21 (30.4)

35 (68.6)

23 (34.8)

 < 0.001

 Sputum

8 (11.4)

13 (26.0)

5 (7.7)

0.01

 Rash

5 (7.1)

10 (20.0)

5 (7.4)

0.04

 Neutropenia

14 (18.4)

11 (20.4)

27 (38·0)

0.01

 Berlin category (patients with ARDS), n (%)

44 (57.9)

47 (87.0)

55 (77.5)

0.006

    Mild

17 (38.6)

5 (10.9)

10 (18.2)

    Moderate

21 (47.7)

25 (54.3)

24 (43.6)

    Severe

6 (13.6)

16 (34.8)

21 (38.2)

Radiological findings, n (%)

 Diffuse interstitial chest X-ray pattern

38 (50.0)

35 (64.8)

27 (38.0)

0.01

 Septal thickening on CT scan

0

14 (25.9)

8 (11.4)

 < 0.001

 Pleural effusion on CT scan

13 (17.1)

28 (51.9)

20 (28.6)

 < 0.001

 Nodules on CT scan

 < 0.001

    None

73 (96.1)

31 (57.4)

66 (93.0)

    Centrolobular

2 (2.6)

11 (20.4)

1 (1.4)

    Diffuse

1 (1.3)

12 (22.2)

4 (5.6)

 Alveolar consolidation on CT scan

 < 0.001

    None

61 (80.3)

18 (33.3)

54 (76.1)

    Focal

8 (10.5)

18 (33.3)

9 (12.7)

    Diffuse

7 (9.2)

18 (33.3)

8 (11.3)

 Ground glass opacities on CT scan

 < 0.001

    None

67 (88.2)

19 (35.2)

56 (78.9)

    Focal

3 (3.9)

13 (24.1)

3 (4.2)

    Diffuse

6 (7.9)

22 (40·.7)

12 (16.9)

N. X-ray quadrants involved, median (IQR)

2 (0.00–4.00)

3 (1.25–4.00)

1 (0.00–3.00)

0.007

ARF etiology, n (%)

 Extrapulmonary

5 (6.6)

1 (1.9)

16 (22.5)

 < 0.001

 Leukemia-specific pulmonary involvement

20 (26.3)

6 (11.1)

9 (12.7)

0.03

 Bacterial

0.02

    Clinically documented

8 (10.5)

10 (18.5)

7 (9.9)

    Micriobiologically documented

8 (10.5)

15 (27.8)

10 (14.1)

    Non bacterial

60 (78.9)

29 (53.7)

54 (76.1)

 Documented GNB infection

3 (3.9)

11 (20.4)

19 (26.8)

0.001

 Viral

4 (5.3)

13 (24.1)

9 (12.7)

0.007

 Known ARF etiology at ICU admission

42 (60.0)

20 (37.0)

31 (46.3)

0.04

Organ dysfunction and treatments, n (%)

 IMV

25 (32.9)

39 (72.2)

56 (78.9)

 < 0.001

 HFNC

42 (55.3)

46 (85.2)

39 (54.9)

 < 0.001

 O₂ flow > 10 L/min

8 (18.6)

10 (55.6)

10 (35.7)

0.02

 Vasopressor use

18 (23.7)

34 (63.0)

67 (94.4)

 < 0.001

 Septic shock

13 (17.1)

24 (44·4)

61 (85.9)

 < 0.001

 RRT

6 (7.9)

8 (14.8)

30 (42.3)

 < 0.001

 Chemotherapy

32 (42.1)

11 (20.4)

18 (25.4)

0.02

 Liver dysfunction

14 (18.4)

10 (18.5)

31 (43.7)

0.001

 Coma/CNS

10 (13.2)

10 (18.5)

32 (45.1)

 < 0.001

 Appropriate ATB at ICU admission

0.01

    No

4 (5.3)

4 (7.4)

1 (1.4)

    Early

25 (32.9)

30 (55.6)

41 (57.7)

    Later

30 (39.5)

10 (18.5)

16 (22.5)

    Never

10 (13.2)

6 (11.1)

12 (16.9)

    Unknown

7 (9.2)

4 (7.4)

1 (1.4)

 Ventilator-associated pneumonia

7 (9.5)

11 (21.2)

4 (5.8)

0.03

SOFA score and respiratory variables at ICU admission, median (IQR)

 Respiratory

2 (0.25–2.00)

3 (2.00–3.50)

3 (2.00–3.75)

 < 0.001

 Cardiovascular

0 (0.00–1.00)

0 (0.00–1.00)

4 (0.50–4.00)

 < 0.001

 Hepatic

0 (0.00–1.00)

0 (0.00–1.00)

1 (0.00–2.00)

 < 0.001

 Hemostatic

3 (2.00–4.00)

3 (2.00–4.00)

4 (3.00–4.00)

0.02

 Neurological

0 (0.00–0.00)

0 (0.00–0.00)

0 (0.00–2.00)

 < 0.001

 Renal

0 (0.00–1.00)

0 (0.00–1.00)

1 (0.00–2.00)

0.001

 Total SOFA

7 (4.00–8.00)

8 (6.00–9.00)

12 (10.00–14.00)

 < 0.001

 Total SOFA without respiratory SOFA

5 (3.00–6.00)

5 (3.00–7.00)

10 (7.25–11.00)

 < 0.001

 RR, median (IQR)

31·5 (25.00–36.25)

35 (28.25–40.75)

30.5 (27.00–40.00)

0.08

 SpO₂, median (IQR)

94 (91.00–96.75)

90 (87.00–93.00)

91.5 (88.00–94.75)

 < 0.001

 PaCO₂, median (IQR)

33 (30.00–38.00)

40 (34.50–47.50)

41.00 [31.75–51.25)

0.003

 O₂ flow, median (IQR)

5·00 [3.00–10.00]

12.00 (8.00–15.00)

10 (6.00–15.00)

0.007

 PaO₂/FiO₂, median (IQR)

210 (130.00–284.00)

114.5 (87.25–187.00)

125 (89.25–194.00)

 < 0.001

 White blood cells, × 10⁹/L, median (IQR)

9 (1.00–48.00)

3 (1.00–10.00)

1 (0.00–14.00)

0.005

 Volume expansion, median (IQR)

1018 (162.25–2000.00)

1130.5 (347.50–2344.00)

2000 (1137.50–3684.00)

0.001

 Plasma, median (IQR)

0 (0.00–0.00)

0 (0.00–0.00)

0 (0.00–0.00)

0.03

 Platelets, median (IQR)

2 (1.00–4.00)

2 (0.00–5.00)

4 (1.00–6.25)

0.04

 Days from AML diagnosis to ICU admission, median (IQR)

9.5 (0.00–48.00)

69 (9.00–437.00)

43 (7.00–157.00)

0.002

 Days from ICU admission to IMV, median (IQR)

1 (0.00–2.00)

0 (0.00–2.00)

0 (0.00–1.00)

0.04

 Days from ARF to ICU admission, median (IQR)

1 (0.00–2.00)

2 (1.00–6.00)

0 (0.00–2.00)

0.001

 Time from ARF to ICU admission > 3 days, n (%)

15 (20.8)

18 (34.0)

11 (15.7)

0.05