Table 4 In-hospital management and prognosis of cardiogenic shock patients according to the presence of mottling at admission

Medications used, n (%)

 Diuretics

532/657

81.0

332/402

82.6

200/255

78.4

 Volume expander

281/656

42.8

153/401

38.2

128/255

50.2

 Dobutamine

540/657

82.2

329/402

81.8

211/255

82.8

  If yes, maximum dose (mg/kg/min)

   5–10

340

62.6

225

68.0

115

54.2

   10–15

121

22.3

59

17.8

62

29.2

   > 15

44

8.1

26

7.9

18

8.5

   Unknown

38

7.0

21

6.3

17

8.0

 Norepinephrine

344/657

52.4

194/402

48.3

150/255

58.8

  If yes, maximum dose (mg/h)

   < 1

67

19.3

44

22.4

23

15.2

   1–5

177

51.0

99

50.5

78

51.7

   > 5

71

20.5

33

16.8

38

25.2

   Unknown

32

9.2

20

10.2

12

7.9

 Epinephrine

86/657

13.1

39/402

9.7

47/255

18.4

  If yes, maximum dose (mg/h)

   < 1

32

36.0

18

43.9

14

29.2

   1–5

34

38.2

12

29.3

22

45.8

   > 5

13

14.6

6

14.6

7

14.6

   Unknown

10

11.2

5

12.2

5

10.4

 Norepinephrine + dobutamine combination

299/657

45.5

165/402

41.0

134/255

52.6

 Levosimendan

47/657

7.2

34/402

8.5

13/255

5.1

 Dopamine

1/657

0.2

0/402

0.0

1/255

0.4

 Isoprenaline

30/657

4.6

15/402

3.7

15/255

5.9

 Antiarrhythmic

261/657

39.7

154/402

38.3

107/255

42.0

 Transfusion

115/656

17.5

60/401

15.0

55/255

21.6

 Fibrinolysis

11/656

1.7

5/401

1.3

6/255

2.4

Organ replacement therapies, n (%)

 Respiratory support

  Invasive

249/657

37.9

121/402

30.1

128/255

50.2

  Non-invasive

183/657

27.9

103/402

25.6

80/255

31.4

 Mechanical circulatory support

122/658

18.5

66/402

16.4

56/256

21.9

  If yes

  IABP

43/121

35.5

23/66

34.9

20/55

36.4

  Impella

22/121

18.2

11/66

16.7

11/55

20.0

  ECLS

72/121

59.5

37/66

56.1

35/55

63.6

 Renal replacement therapy

101/659

15.3

50/403

12.4

51/256

19.9

Invasive cardiology, n (%)

 CAG

346

52.4

219

54.2

127

49.6

  If yes

  CAG result

  Normal

61

17.6

39

17.8

22

17.3

  1—Mono

71

20.5

51

23.3

20

15.7

  2—Bi

80

23.1

49

22.4

31

24.4

  3—Tri

76

22.0

50

22.8

26

20.5

  Unknown

58

16.8

30

13.7

28

22.0

  Culprit lesion

225/281

80.1

143/178

80.3

82/103

79.6

 Any PCI

192

29.1

121

30.0

71

27.7

 Right heart catheterisation

107/657

16.3

70/402

17.4

37/255

14.5

 Pace-maker implantation

28/625

4.5

16/388

4.1

12/237

5.1

 Defibrillator implantation

31/625

5.0

18/388

4.6

13/237

5.5

 Radiofrequency ablation

15/625

2.4

13/388

3.4

2/237

0.8

Discharge

 LVEF (%), mean ± SD

34.8

 ± 14.2

34.2

 ± 13.7

36

 ± 14.9

 n

375

240

135

 LVEF variation*, mean ± SD

8.2

 ± 14.0

7.4

 ± 13.7

9.5

 ± 14.5

 n

372

238

134

 Length of stay in ICU/ICCU (days), median (IQR)

12 (7–21)

11 (7–20)

13 (8–25)

 n

380

232

148

 Length of stay in hospital (days), median (IQR)

16 (11–27)

16 (11–25)

19 (12–31)

 n

367

238

129

 Discharge mode

  Home

141

25.4

96

28.3

45

20.8

  Rehabilitation

38

6.8

23

6.8

15

6.9

  Transferred (other center/other department)

183

33.0

116

34.2

67

31.0

  Death

190

34.2

103

30.4

87

40.3

  Other

3

0.5

1

0.3

2

0.9

 Registration on transplant waiting list

33/552

6.0

21/333

6.3

12/219

5.5

Mortality

 30-day mortality

173

26.2

94

23.3

79

30.9

 1-year mortality**

308

46.7

170

42.1

138

53.9