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Annals of Intensive Care

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the propensity score matched cohorts stratified by the Day 1–3 fluid balances

From: Impact of a cumulative positive fluid balance during the first three ICU days in patients with sepsis: a propensity score-matched cohort study

Characteristic

Day 1 cohort (n = 966)

SMD

Day 2 cohort (n = 746)

SMD

Day 3 cohort (n = 784)

SMD

Negative

(n = 483)

Positive

(n = 483)

Negative

(n = 373)

Positive

(n = 373)

Negative

(n = 392)

Positive

(n = 392)

Female, %

201 (41.6)

188 (38.9)

0.055

154 (41.3)

145 (38.9)

0.049

163 (41.6)

158 (40.3)

0.026

Age, yr

73.00

[63.00, 81.00]

74.00

[63.00, 80.00]

0.006

72.00

[62.00, 81.00]

73.00

[63.00, 80.00]

0.033

73.00

[63.00, 81.00]

72.50

[63.00, 80.00]

0.047

BMI, kg/m2a

22.04

[19.24, 25.06]

21.80

[19.35, 24.41]

0.099

22.16

[19.54, 24.93]

22.2

[19.60, 24.77]

0.04

21.81

[19.06, 24.85]

22.03

[19.55, 24.49]

0.052

Resuscitative fluid, %

376 (77.8)

383 (79.3)

0.035

287 (76.9)

277 (74.3)

0.062

298 (76.0)

308 (78.6)

0.061

Severity scores

 SOFA score

7.00

[5.00, 9.00]

6.00

[5.00, 8.00]

0.068

7.00 [5.00, 9.00]

6.00 [5.00, 9.00]

0.043

7.00

[5.00, 9.00]

7.00

[5.00, 9.00]

0.027

 Septic shock, %

101 (20.9)

93 (19.3)

0.041

82 (22.0)

83 (22.3)

0.006

84 (21.4)

87 (22.2)

0.019

 Referring facility, %

  

0.043

  

0.07

  

0.049

 Community

326 (67.5)

323 (66.9)

 

257 (68.9)

262 (70.2)

 

261 (66.6)

265 (67.6)

 

 Health care

35 (7.2)

31 (6.4)

 

16 (4.3)

20 (5.4)

 

20 (5.1)

23 (5.9)

 

 Hospital

122 (25.3)

129 (26.7)

 

100 (26.8)

91 (24.4)

 

111 (28.3)

104 (26.5)

 

Comorbidities, %

         

 Cardiac

128 (26.5)

136 (28.2)

0.037

109 (29.2)

109 (29.2)

 < 0.001

111 (28.3)

111 (28.3)

 < 0.001

 Lung

73 (15.1)

71 (14.7)

0.012

53 (14.2)

60 (16.1)

0.052

58 (14.8)

63 (16.1)

0.035

 Neurologic

140 (29.0)

148 (30.6)

0.036

92 (24.7)

90 (24.1)

0.012

103 (26.3)

96 (24.5)

0.041

 Liver

47 (9.7)

43 (8.9)

0.028

33 (8.8)

27 (7.2)

0.059

36 (9.2)

38 (9.7)

0.017

 Diabetes mellitus

190 (39.3)

193 (40.0)

0.013

161 (43.2)

163 (43.7)

0.011

160 (40.8)

177 (45.2)

0.088

 Renal disease

67 (13.9)

61 (12.6)

0.037

64 (17.2)

73 (19.6)

0.062

71 (18.1)

67 (17.1)

0.027

 Connective tissue disease

10 (2.1)

10 (2.1)

 < 0.001

15 (4.0)

11 (2.9)

0.058

11 (2.8)

13 (3.3)

0.03

 Immunocompromised

15 (3.1)

9 ( 1.9)

0.08

11 (2.9)

5 (1.3)

0.111

15 (3.8)

6 (1.5)

0.143

 Hematologic malignancy

16 (3.3)

16 (3.3)

 < 0.001

9 (2.4)

9 (2.4)

 < 0.001

11 (2.8)

12 (3.1)

0.015

 Solid cancer

119 (24.6)

105 (21.7)

0.069

91 (24.4)

101 (27.1)

0.061

91 (23.2)

86 (21.9)

0.031

Site of infection, %

         

 Respiratory

232 (48.0)

226 (46.8)

0.025

184 (49.3)

194 (52.0)

0.054

196 (50.0)

200 (51.0)

0.02

 Abdominal

106 (21.9)

107 (22.2)

0.005

81 (21.7)

81 (21.7)

 < 0.001

91 (23.2)

83 (21.2)

0.049

 Urinary tract

118 (24.4)

115 (23.8)

0.015

80 (21.4)

82 (22.0)

0.013

89 (22.7)

85 (21.7)

0.025

 Othersb

62 (12.8)

69 (14.3)

0.042

51 (13.7)

40 (10.7)

0.09

49 (12.5)

48 (12.2)

0.008

Laboratory findings

 White blood cell count * 103/L

12.20

[8.21, 16.78]

12.02

[8.30, 18.27]

0.084

11.40

[7.46, 16.20]

12.21

[7.30, 18.00]

0.11

11.90

[7.80, 16.80]

12.52

[7.47, 17.60]

0.021

 C-reactive protein, mg/dL

11.43

[3.34, 20.45]

11.70

[2.89, 21.66]

0.033

11.47

[2.72, 20.95]

12.70

[2.30, 21.65]

0.005

11.9

[3.35, 20.84]

12.92

[3.88, 22.27]

0.071

 Procalcitonina, ng/mL

2.93

[0.32, 34.82]

8.20

[1.22, 34.82]

0.025

3.96

[0.36, 34.89]

6.78

[1.03, 35.01]

0.028

4.96

[0.42, 31.81]

5.62

[1.05, 29.77]

0.011

 Lactic acida, mmol/L

2.60

[1.50, 4.54]

2.78

[1.70, 5.00]

0.087

2.70

[1.60, 4.77]

3.00

[1.70, 5.28]

0.132

2.67

[1.50, 4.56]

2.90

[1.70, 5.30]

0.182

Adjunct interventions, %

 Steroids

74 (15.3)

67 (13.9)

0.041

68 (18.2)

74 (19.8)

0.041

68 (17.3)

67 (17.1)

0.007

 Mechanical ventilation

199 (41.2)

179 (37.1)

0.085

163 (43.7)

167 (44.8)

0.022

178 (45.4)

170 (43.4)

0.041

 CRRT

64 (13.3)

51 (10.6)

0.083

60 (16.1)

68 (18.2)

0.057

67 (17.1)

62 (15.8)

0.034

 ECMO

4 (0.8)

2 (0.4)

0.053

3 (0.8)

6 (1.6)

0.074

2 (0.5)

6 (1.5)

0.102

 Vasopressors

337 (69.8)

347 (71.8)

0.046

269 (72.1)

261 (70.0)

0.047

281 (71.7)

278 (70.9)

0.017

 Microbiologic pathogen, %

300 (62.1)

302 (62.5)

0.009

221 (59.2)

218 (58.4)

0.016

226 (57.7)

231 (58.9)

0.026

 Bacteria

285 (95.0)

284 (94.0)

0.042

208 (94.1)

198 (90.8)

0.125

216 (95.6)

209 (90.5)

0.201

 Virus

10 (3.3)

4 (1.3)

0.133

10 (4.5)

6 (2.8)

0.095

7 (3.1)

5 (2.2)

0.058

 Fungus

13 (4.3)

23 (7.6)

0.139

10 (4.5)

20 (9.2)

0.185

9 (4.0)

22 (9.5)

0.222

 MDRa

138 (51.3)

112 (42.4)

0.179

92 (46.7)

76 (41.5)

0.104

91 (45.3)

79 (40.5)

0.096

  1. BMI body mass index, SOFA sequential organ failure assessment, CRRT continuous renal replacement therapy, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, MDR multi-drug resistance
  2. aThe numbers of patients who had BMI measurements taken in the Day 1–3 cohorts were 942, 728, and 755, respectively. For procalcitonin, these were 506, 367, and 400. For lactic acid, 956, 735, and 773. For MDR, 533, 380, and 396
  3. bOthers included skin/soft tissue infection, catheter-associated infection, neurologic infection, and unknown
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