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Annals of Intensive Care

Table 1 Pre-ECMO patients’ characteristics according to diaphragm dysfunction at ECMO day-1

From: Diaphragm function in patients with Covid-19-related acute respiratory distress syndrome on venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation

Variables

All patients (n = 63)

Diaphragm dysfunction (n = 39)

No diaphragm dysfunction (n = 24)

P value

Age, years, median (IQR)

53 (42–59)

55 (45–59)

47 (40–54)

0.049

Female sex, n (%)

16 (25)

10 (26)

6 (25)

0.954

Body mass index, kg/m2, median (IQR)

33 (29–37)

32 (29–37)

34 (28–36)

0.937

Arterial hypertension, n (%)

29 (46)

22 (56)

7 (30)

0.035

SAPS II, median (IQR)

56 (45–66)

58 (47–67)

55 (39–61)

0.191

SOFA, median (IQR)

12 (9–12)

12 (9–13)

12 (9–12)

0.540

Charlson ≥ 1, n (%)

24 (38)

15 (38)

9 (38)

0.800

High flow nasal oxygen, n (%)

53 (85)

33 (87)

20 (83)

0.724

Duration, days, median (IQR)

5 (2–7)

5 (1–7)

5 (2–7)

0.477

Non-invasive ventilation, n (%)

33 (54)

21 (57)

12 (50)

0.539

Duration, days, median (IQR)

6 (2–7)

6 (2–7)

7 (4–9)

0.438

Duration of MV before ECMO, median (IQR)

4 (3–6)

4 (3–7)

4 (2–5)

0.593

Length of stay in ICU before ECMO, days, median (IQR)

10 (6–13)

10 (6–11)

9 (6–12)

0.904

Pre-ECMO ventilator settings

 Tidal volume, ml/kg PBW, median (IQR)

6.0 (5.5–6.3)

6.0 (5.7–6.4)

5.9 (5.5–6.1)

0.144

 Respiratory rate, min−1, median (IQR)

30 (30–33)

30 (30–32)

32 (30–34)

0.523

 Driving pressure, cmH2O, median (IQR)

19 (16–21)

18 (16–20)

20 (20–25)

0.006

 Positive end-expiratory pressure, cmH2O, median (IQR)

12 (10–14)

13 (12–15)

12 (10–13)

0.029

 Respiratory system compliance, mL/cmH2O, median (IQR)

22 (16–25)

23 (16–26)

19 (12–22)

0.005

 Corticosteroids, n (%)

62 (98)

38 (97)

24 (100)

0.735

 Neuromuscular blocking agents, n (%)

62 (98)

37 (97)

24 (100)

0.456

 Nitric oxide, n (%)

22 (35)

15 (39)

7 (30)

0.201

 Prone positioning, n (%)

59 (95)

34 (89)

25 (100)

0.398

Criteria for VV-ECMO, n (%)

    

 PaO2/FiO2 < 50 for more than 3 h, n (%)

12(19)

9 (23)

3 (13)

0.707

 PaO2/FiO2 < 80 for more than 6 h, n (%)

46 (73)

26 (67)

20 (83)

0.233

 pH < 7.20 and PaCO2 > 70 mmHg for more than 6 h, n (%)

13 (21)

10 (26)

3 (13)

0.128

  1. PBW Predicted Body Weight, MV Mechanical ventilation, VAP Ventilator-acquired pneumonia, ICU Intensive care unit, SAPS II Simplified Acute Physiology Score II, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, IQR Inter-Quartile Range
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