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Annals of Intensive Care

Table 2 Concentration of air pollutants in studies on the role of chronic exposure on the incidence of ARDS

From: Effects of ambient air pollutants on ARDS incidence and outcome: a narrative review

Ā 

Lag

PM2.5

PM10

NO2

O3

SO2

CO

Years

Āµg/m3

Āµg/m3

Āµg/m3

ppb

ppb

ppb

mg/m3

WHO STANDARD

Ā 

5

15

10

5.3

30.6c

NA

NA

Wareb 2016 [22] USA

1, 3, 5

13.2

Ā 

29.0c

15.4

51.5

2.7

0.68

Reillyb 2018 [23] USA

1, 2, 3

12.2

Ā 

34.0c

18.1

47.1

3.6

0.28

Rheea 2019 [26] USA

0.5

10.8

Ā Ā Ā 

39.1

Ā Ā 

Gutmana 2022 [24] France

1, 2, 3

9.1

19.6

13.1

7.0x

62.9c

Ā Ā 

Reillyb 2023 [27] USA

5

10.9

19.2

29.0c

15.5

46.7

2.03

0.26

  1. PM2.5: Particulate matter less than 2.5 Ī¼m in aerodynamic diameter; PM10: Particulate matter less than 10 Ī¼m; NO2: Nitrogen dioxide; O3: Ozone, SO2: suffer dioxide; CO: Carbon monoxide; ppb: part per billion; ppm: part per million
  2. aExpressed as mean; bExpressed as median; cRepresents a conversion used to compare the units between studies. The formula for air pollutant were used assuming a temperature of 25Ā°C and an atmospheric pressure of 1013 hPa
  3. WHO standard refers to guidelines from the 2021 update on WHO air quality guidelines. Annual values are reported on those guidelines, except O3 where peak season is reported. No air quality guideline is available on SO2 and CO chronic exposure but only on 24-hour exposure
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