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Annals of Intensive Care

Table 3 Concentrations of the air pollutants in the studies related to the effects of acute exposure on the incidence of ARDS

From: Effects of ambient air pollutants on ARDS incidence and outcome: a narrative review

Ā 

Lag

PM2.5

PM10

NO2

O3

SO2

CO

Days (D), weeks (W)

Āµg/m3

Āµg/m3

Āµg/m3

ppb

ppb

ppm

WHO STANDARD

Ā 

15

45

25

100

40

3.5c

Reillyb 2018 [23] USA

3D, (5W)

12.2

Ā 

34.0c

92.4c

9.4c

0.28

Lina 2018 [25] China

0, 3, 5D

Around 50

Around 75

Ā Ā Ā Ā 

Reillyb 2023 [27] USA

3D, (6W)

9.4

18.6

12.6

45.2

1.13

0.24

  1. PM2.5: Particulate matter less than 2.5Ā Ī¼m in aerodynamic diameter; PM10: Particulate matter less than 10Ā Ī¼m; NO2: Nitrogen dioxide; O3: Ozone; SO2: suffer dioxide; CO: Carbon monoxide; ppb: part per billion; ppm: part per million
  2. aExpressed as mean; bExpressed as median; cRepresents a conversion used to compare the units between studies. The formula for air pollutant was used assuming a temperature of 25Ā Ā°C and an atmospheric pressure of 1013 hPa
  3. WHO standard refers to guidelines from the 2021 update on WHO air quality guidelines. 24-hour 99th percentiles are reported on those guidelines, except for O3 presented as average of daily maximum 8-hour mean O3 concentration
  4. If 2 lags were available, the one in parenthesis is not reported
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