COVID-19 among undocumented migrants admitted to French intensive care units during the 2020–2021 period: a retrospective nationwide study

Hraiech, Sami; Pauly, Vanessa; Orleans, Véronica; Auquier, Pascal; Azoulay, Elie; Roch, Antoine; Boyer, Laurent; Papazian, Laurent

doi:10.1186/s13613-023-01197-8

Annals of Intensive Care

Table 1 Patient’s characteristics at ICU admission in the unmatched and matched cohorts

From: COVID-19 among undocumented migrants admitted to French intensive care units during the 2020–2021 period: a retrospective nationwide study

	Unmatched analysis					Matched analysis
N (%) or mean ± SD	General population		Migrants		SMD	General Population		Migrants		SMD
N (%) or mean ± SD	N = 81 813		N = 463		SMD	N = 1 790		N = 421		SMD
Sex (n, % or weighted^a %)					0.0471					0
Males	53.268	65.1	291	62.9		1.170	63.7	268	63.4
Females	28.545	34.9	172	37.1		620	36.3	153	36.3
Age, years (mean ± SD)	66 ± 14		54 ± 15		0.8129	55 ± 7		55 ± 15		0.0278
SAPS II (without age) (mean ± SD)	22 ± 16		23 ± 15		0.0146	22 ± 14		21 ± 6		0.0402
Comorbidities (n, % or weighted^a %)
Chronic heart failure	15.505	19	51	11	0.2238	195	10.9	46	10.9	0.0004
COPD	13.193	16.1	29	6.3	0.3167	54	4.5	19	4.51	0.0222
Chronic kidney disease	10.229	12.5	38	8.2	0.1413	126	7.9	34	8.1	0.0073
Liver disease	4.641	5.6	24	5.2	0.020	94	5.5	21	4.9	0.021
Cancer	8.423	10.3	31	6.7	0.1294	114	6.7	28	6.7	0.001
Diabetes mellitus	23.382	28.6	106	22.3	0.1303	445	24.5	98	23.3	0.028
Obesity	25.340	31	124	26.8	0.0926	569	32	107	25.4	0.1451
Hypertension	40.548	49.6	179	38.7	0.2209	654	36.2	166	39.4	0.0677
Smoker	6.370	7.8	19	4.1	0.1562	104	6.2	18	4.3	0.0856
Alcohol abuse	3.909	4.8	16	3.5	0.0666	51	2.9	15	3.6	0.0376
Hospital category (n, % or weighted^a %)					0.7207					0
Public, non-university	38.989	47.7	181	39.1	0.1734	639	37.1	156	37.1
Public, university	26.915	32.9	154	33.3	0.0077	621	33.7	142	33.7
Private	15909	19.5	128	27.7	0.1942	530	29.2	123	29.2
Admission conditions (n, % or weighted^a %)										0
First wave	22.356	27.3	178	38.4	0.2384	687	38.7	163	38.7
Second wave	21.739	26.6	99	21.4	0.1218	324	19.5	82	19.5
Third wave	37.718	46.1	186	40.2	0.1199	779	41.8	176	41.8
Direct admission to the ICU, (n, % or weighted^a %)	33.302	40.7	246	53.1	0.251	792	43.14	224	53.2	0.2024
Time from hospital to ICU admission, days (mean ± SD)	2.2 ± 4.7		1.6 ± 3.6		0.1421	1.9 ± 2.1		1.6 ± 3.7		0.1089

ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome, ECMO extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, ECCO2R extracorporeal CO₂ removal, ICU intensive care unit, NIV non-invasive mechanical ventilation MV, mechanical ventilation, RRT renal replacement therapy, SAPS II Simplified Acute Physiology Score version II, SMD standardized mean difference
^aIn the matched analysis

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