Table 1 Ventilatory variables across devices, all mechanics and efforts pooled, in bench model

V_T, mL

423* (± 340)

440 (± 352)

414* (± 333)

377* (± 297)

652* (± 366)

690* (± 321)

V_T,

mL/kg PBW

6.0 (± 4.9)

6.3 (± 5.0)

5.9* (± 4.8)

5.4* (± 4.2)

9.3* (± 5.2)

9.9* (± 4.6)

PTPmouth, cmH₂O.s/cycle

− 0.0 [− 0.0 to − 0.0]

− 0.0

[− 0.0 to − 0.0]

− 0.3* [− 0.8 to − 0.2]

− 0.7* [− 2.2 to − 0.5]

4.5* [4.1–4.6]

6.1* [5.9–7.1]

Peak inspiratory pressure, cmH₂O

− 1.1 [− 3.6 to − 0.5]

− 1.1

[− 3.8 to − 0.5]

− 0.1* [− 3.1 to 0.6]

8.1* [3.9–9]

15.5* [13.2–18]

15.4* [15.2–19.3]

PEEP, cmH₂O

0.1 (± 0.2)

0.1

(± 0.2)

1.5* (± 0.4)

10.3* (± 0.5)

5.9* (± 0.7)

6.2* (± 0.9)

Peak inspiratory flow, ml/s

470 [284 – 985]

493

[298–1035]

466* [307–827]

437* [261–898]

1338* [1058–1709]

1018* [797–1380]