Table 1 Comparison between patients with influenza or COVID-19 pneumonia
Baseline characteristics (median [IQR] or N (%)) | Influenza (n = 82) | COVID-19 (n = 503) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Period of admission | |||
Before 1 January, 2020 | 82 (100) | 0 (0) | < 0.01 |
From 1January, 2020, to 31 July, 2020 | 0 (0) | 278 (55.3) | |
From 1 August, 2020 to 31 December, 2020 | 0 (0) | 101 (20.1) | |
From 1 January, 2021 | 0 (0) | 124 (24.7) | |
Age (years) | 59 [51.4; 72] | 64.3 [54.9; 72.6] | 0.04 |
Gender (male) | 46 (56.1) | 369 (73.4) | < 0.01 |
Body-mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2 | 21 (25.6) | 204 (40.6) | < 0.01 |
Chronic cardiac disease | 8 (9.8) | 138 (27.4) | < 0.01 |
Chronic respiratory disease | 27 (32.9) | 50 (9.9) | < 0.01 |
Chronic kidney disease | 5 (6.1) | 46 (9.1) | 0.36 |
Immunosuppressiona | 26 (31.7) | 52 (10.3) | < 0.01 |
Diabetes mellitus | 14 (17.1) | 89 (17.7) | 0.89 |
Time between hospital and ICU admission | 1 [1; 2] | 2 [1; 4] | < 0.01 |
Severity and treatments on ICU admission | |||
SAPS II score | 48 [36; 61] | 38 [29; 50] | < 0.01 |
SOFA score | 7 [5; 9] | 7 [5; 9] | 0.26 |
ARDS: PaO2/FiO2 | 127.6 [87; 198.7] | 98.6 [68.8; 156] | < 0.01 |
Invasive mechanical ventilation | 73 (89) | 320 (63.7) | < 0.01 |
High-flow nasal cannula | 7 (8.5) | 172 (34.3) | < 0.01 |
Continuous positive airway pressure | 11 (13.4) | 54 (10.8) | 0.48 |
ECMO | 2 (2.4) | 16 (3.2) | 0.72 |
Prone position | 8 (9.8) | 115 (22.9) | < 0.01 |
RRT | 7 (8.5) | 28 (5.6) | 0.30 |
Vasopressors | 16 (19.5) | 207 (41.2) | < 0.01 |
Antimicrobial treatment on admission | 48 (58.5) | 376 (74.8) | < 0.01 |
Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid | 12 (14.6) | 35 (7) | 0.02 |
Ureido-carboxypenicillins | 19 (23.2) | 34 (6.8) | < 0.01 |
Third generation cephalosporins | 28 (34.1) | 270 (53.8) | < 0.01 |
Fourth generation cephalosporins | 2 (2.4) | 31 (6.2) | 0.17 |
Penems | 1 (1.2) | 13 (2.6) | 0.45 |
Macrolides | 27 (32.9) | 179 (35.7) | 0.63 |
Aminoglycosides | 10 (12.2) | 41 (8.2) | 0.23 |
Fluoroquinolones | 6 (7.3) | 32 (6.4) | 0.75 |
Anti-MSSA* | 3 (3.7) | 5 (1) | 0.05 |
Anti MRSA** | 6 (7.3) | 12 (2.4) | 0.02 |
Lopinavir–Ritonavir | 0 (0) | 99 (19.7) | < 0.01 |
Hydroxychloroquine | 0 (0) | 34 (6.8) | 0.02 |
Remdesivir | 0 (0) | 45 (8.9) | < 0.01 |
Ozeltamivir | 30 (36.6) | 22 (4.4) | < 0.01 |
Il1 R or Il 6 R antagonist | 0 (0) | 24 (4.8) | 0.04 |
Steroids | 25 (30.5) | 262 (52.1) | < 0.01 |
Microbial colonization on admission | 7 (8.5) | 25 (5) | 0.45 |
Bacterial pneumonia co-infection on admission | 27 (32.9) | 56 (11.1) | < 0.01 |