Table 2 Patient characteristics of the randomized controlled trials
Study | Group (N) | Age, y | Sex (male, n, %) | BMI > xx kg/m2 | Severity score (admission) | Baseline oxygenation level | Respiratory rate, /min | FiO2 | Flow rate (L/min) | Proning (n, %) | Cortico-steroids (n, %) | Intubation (n / N, %) | Mortality (n / N, %) | LOS in ICU, d | LOS in hospital, d |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bouadma, 2022 | HFNC (115) | 65 ± 10 | 91 (79) | 30 ± 5 >30 kg/m2 46 (40%) | SOFA 3 ± 1 | SpO2 95 ± 4 | 24 ± 6 | 0.79 ± 0.41 | 50 ± 15 | NA | 115 (100) | 38/115 (33) | 47/115 (41) | 9.5 ± 7.1 | 16.6 ± 10.6 |
COT (109) | 66 ± 9 | 84 (77) | 29 ± 4 > 30 kg/m2 44 (40%) | SOFA 3 ± 1 | SpO2 94 ± 3 | 25 ± 7 | NA | 15 ± 0 | NA | 109 (100) | 31/109 (28) | 41/109 (38) | 10.8 ± 11.7 | 17.6 ± 10.7 | |
Crimi, 2022 | HFNC (181) | 59 ± 15 | 119 (66) | 29 ± 4 ≥ 30 kg/m2 60 (33%) | NA | PaO2:FiO2 271 ± 21 | 22 ± 3 | 0.45 ± 0.16 | 52 ± 9 | 68 (38) | 180 (99) | 4/181 (2) | 14/181 (8) | 10.1 ± 8.5 | 13.6 ± 8.5 |
COT (181) | 59 ± 15 | 112 (62) | 28 ± 5 ≥ 30 kg/m2 58 (32%) | NA | PaO2:FiO2 276 ± 20 | 22 ± 4 | 0.42 ± 0.15 Conversion method not given | NA | 70 (39) | 180 (99) | 7/181 (4) | 13/181 (7) | 12.1 ± 9.3 | 16.1 ± 15.1 | |
Frat, 2022 | HFNC (357) | 61 ± 12 | 250 (70) | 29 ± 5 | SAPS II 31 ± 10 | PaO2:FiO2 128 ± 31 | 28 ± 6 | 0.58 ± 0.08 | 51 ± 10 | 98 (28) | 338 (95) | 160/357 (45) | 36/357 (10) | 12.8 ± 14.0 | 18.4 ± 11.5 |
COT (354) | 61 ± 12 | 247 (70) | 29 ± 6 | SAPS II 29 ± 13 | PaO2:FiO2 132 ± 31 | 29 ± 6 | 0.58 ± 0.07 | 13 ± 3 | 83 (24) | 335 (95) | 186/354 (52) | 40/354 (11) | 13.9 ± 15.5 | 19.7 ± 14.3 | |
Nazir, 2022 | HFNC (60) | 54 ± 12 | 28 (47) | NA | NA | PaO2:FiO2 207 ± 5 | 28 ± 1 | NA | NA | 48 (80) | 56 (93) | 2/60 (3) | 3/60 (5) | NA | NA |
COT (60) | 57 ± 3 | 32 (53) | NA | NA | PaO2:FiO2 208 ± 4 | 28 ± 1 | NA | NA | 45 (75) | 58 (97) | 8/60 (13) | 5/60 (8) | NA | NA | |
Ospina-Tascón, 2021 | HFNC (99) | 59 ± 14 | 71 (72) | 29 ± 4 | SOFA 10 ± 3 | PaO2:FiO2 112 ± 38 | 29 ± 4 | 0.63 ± 0.09 | 60 ± 0 | 74 (75) | 4 (4) | 34/99 (34) | 8/99 (8) | 10.2 ± 8.5 | 15.8 ± 10.5 |
COT (100) | 57 ± 13 | 63 (63) | 30 ± 5 | SOFA 10 ± 3 | PaO2:FiO2 117 ± 47 | 29 ± 4 | 0.85 ± 0.00 | 15 ± 0 | 64 (64) | 10 (10) | 51/100 (51) | 16/100 (16) | 15.3 ± 18.6 | 18.7 ± 15.1 | |
Perkins, 2022 | HFNC (418) | 58 ± 13 | 272 (65) | > 35 kg/m2 81 (19%) | NA | PaO2:FiO2 136 ± 81 | 25 ± 7 | 0.60 ± 0.26 | 52 ± 2 | 243/341 (71%) | NA | 170/415 (41) | 78/416 (19) | 10.5 ± 15.6 | 18.3 ± 20.0 |
COT (475) | 58 ± 13 | 312 (66) | > 35 kg/m2 75 (16%) | NA | PaO2:FiO2 124 ± 53 | 24 ± 6 | 0.60 ± 0.26 | NA | 252/374 (67%) | NA | 153/368 (42) | 74/370 (20) | 9.6 ± 14.1 | 17.1 ± 18.0 |