Table 1 Comparison of patient characteristics between males and females
From: Sex difference in the risk of extubation failure in ICUs
Male (n = 425) | Female (n = 216) | P value* | |
|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics of the patients at admission | 0.381 | ||
Age, years | 69 ± 10 | 70 ± 11 | 0.164 |
Age > 65 years, n (%) | 298 (70%) | 162 (75%) | 0.194 |
Body-mass index, kg/m2 | 28 ± 6 | 29 ± 8 | 0.001 |
Body-mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2, n (%) | 121 (29%) | 85 (41%) | 0.004 |
SAPS II at admission, points | 55 ± 18 | 56 ± 19 | 0.494 |
Underlying chronic cardiac disease, n (%) | 218 (51) | 88 (41%) | 0.011 |
Ischemic heart disease | 129 (30%) | 37 (17%) | < 0.001 |
Atrial fibrillation | 66 (15%) | 37 (17%) | 0.602 |
Left ventricular dysfunction | 61 (14%) | 30 (14%) | 0.873 |
History of cardiogenic pulmonary edema | 31 (7%) | 15 (7%) | 0.871 |
Underlying chronic lung disease, n (%) | 143 (34%) | 70 (32%) | 0.752 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 109 (26%) | 41 (19%) | 0.059 |
Obesity-hypoventilation syndrome | 25 (6%) | 24 (11%) | 0.018 |
Chronic restrictive pulmonary disease | 25 (6%) | 11 (5%) | 0.681 |
Main reason for admission, No. (%) | 0.026 | ||
Acute respiratory failure | 202 (47%) | 113 (52%) | 0.251 |
Coma | 41 (10%) | 34 (16%) | 0.023 |
Shock | 48 (11%) | 15 (7%) | 0.080 |
Cardiac arrest | 48 (11%) | 13 (6%) | 0.031 |
Surgery | 41 (10%) | 22 (10%) | 0.828 |
Other reason | 45 (11%) | 19 (9%) | 0.474 |
Characteristics of the patients on the day of extubation | |||
SOFA score, points | 4.4 ± 2.7 | 4.0 ± 2.5 | 0.051 |
Duration of mechanical ventilation, days | 6 [3–10] | 5 [3–10] | 0.901 |
Difficult or prolonged weaning #, n (%) | 133 (31%) | 73 (34%) | 0.521 |
Ineffective cough, n/n total (%) | 95/400 (24%) | 56/206 (27%) | 0.354 |
Abundant secretions, n/n total (%) | 170/406 (42%) | 65/208 (31%) | 0.010 |
Administration of steroids before extubation, n (%) | 66 (15%) | 29 (13%) | 0.478 |
Ventilatory settings before the spontaneous breathing trial | |||
Pressure-support ventilation, n (%) | 369 (87%) | 179 (83%) | 0.197 |
Pressure-support level, cm H2O | 9.3 ± 2.7 | 9.9 ± 3.1 | 0.019 |
Positive end-expiratory pressure, cm H2O | 5.7 ± 1.6 | 6.0 ± 1.5 | 0.042 |
Respiratory rate, breaths/min | 22 ± 6 | 23 ± 7 | 0.007 |
Tidal volume, ml | 505 ± 140 | 413 ± 102 | < 0.001 |
Tidal volume, ml/kg of predicted body weight | 7.5 ± 2.2 | 8.1 ± 2.3 | 0.005 |
Rapid shallow breathing index: F/VT, breaths/min/l | 48 ± 26 | 60 ± 26 | < 0.001 |
FiO2, % | 35 ± 11 | 35 ± 10 | 0.949 |
PaO2/FiO2, mm Hg | 277 ± 91 | 268 ± 90 | 0.215 |
pH, units | 7.45 ± 0.06 | 7.45 ± 0.06 | 0.501 |
PaCO2, mm Hg | 39 ± 7 | 40 ± 9 | 0.153 |
PaCO2 > 45 mm Hg, No. (%) | 78 (18%) | 44 (20%) | 0.467 |
Characteristics of the spontaneous breathing trial | |||
Type of trial | |||
T-piece trial, n (%) | 262 (62%) | 132 (61%) | 0.895 |
Low level of pressure-support, n (%) | 163 (38%) | 84 (39%) | |
Median duration of the trial, min | 60 [30–60] | 60 [30–60] | 0.916 |
Respiratory support after extubation | |||
Prophylactic noninvasive ventilation, n (%) | 230 (54%) | 109 (50%) | 0.381 |
High-flow nasal oxygen, n (%) | 195 (46%) | 107 (50%) | |