Table 2 Main manifestations in the 18 patients with probable COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis

Time from ICU admission to diagnosis, median [IQR]

9.5 [7.00–21.75]

Time from intubation to diagnosis, median [IQR]

8 [4.25–21.75]

Clinical presentation (18 patients), n (%)

 Hemoptysis

1 (5)

 Refractory fever

9 (50)

 Respiratory function deterioration

18 (100)

 Concomitant VAP^a

6 (33)

Chest computed tomography scan (18 patients), n (%)

 Interstitial infiltrate

18 (100)

 Cavity

1 (5)

 Nodules

3 (17)

 Consolidation

16 (89)

Macroscopic appearance by fiberoptic bronchoscopy (3 patients), n (%)

 Normal

2 (66)

 Nodules

1 (33)

Serum galactomannan index (13 patients), n (%)

 Galactomannan index > 0.5

3 (23)

Fiberoptic bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (17 patients), n (%)

 Galactomannan index ≥ 1

4/13 (31)

 Positive Aspergillus PCR

3/3 (100)

 Direct microscopy and/or mycological culture positive for Aspergillus

13/17 (76)

Multiple positive mycological criteria^b (≥ 2), n (%)

5/18 (28)