Table 1 Main characteristics of all patients and their hospitalization details with pneumococcal meningitis (n = 4052) directly admitted in ICU (n = 2006) or secondary admitted in ICU (n = 2046)
Variables [median IQR/N (%)] | Overall | Direct ICU admission | Delayed ICU admission | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
4052 | 2006 | 2046 | . | |
Time from hospital to ICU admission | 0 [0; 1] | 0 [0; 0] | 1 [0; 1] | < 0.01 |
Age, median [IQR] | 61 [50–71] | 60 [49–70] | 62 [50–72] | < 0.01 |
Age > 65 years (%) | 1647 (40.6) | 765 (38.1) | 882 (43.1) | < 0.01 |
Male (%) | 2260 (55.8) | 1141 (56.9) | 1119 (54.7) | 0.16 |
Comorbidities (%) | ||||
Diabetes (%) | 743 (18.3) | 357 (17.8) | 386 (18.9) | 0.38 |
Cardiovascular disease (%) | 550 (13.6) | 252 (12.6) | 298 (14.6) | 0.06 |
Cancer (%) | 496 (12.2) | 166 (8.3) | 330 (16.1) | < 0.01 |
Liver chronic disease (%) | 416 (10.3) | 185 (9.2) | 231 (11.3) | 0.03 |
Chronic kidney disease (%) | 206 (5.1) | 71 (3.5) | 135 (6.6) | < 0.01 |
Charlson score, median [IQR] | 1 [0–3] | 1 [0–2] | 1 [0–3] | < 0.01 |
Organ failure (OF) on admission | ||||
Neurological failure on admission (%) | 2173 (53.6) | 1533 (76.4) | 640 (31.3) | < 0.01 |
Respiratory failure on admission (%) | 1626 (40.1) | 1437 (71.6) | 189 (9.2) | < 0.01 |
Cardiovascular failure on admission (%) | 1462 (36.1) | 1188 (59.2) | 274 (13.4) | < 0.01 |
Renal failure on admission (%) | 532 (13.1) | 449 (22.4) | 83 (4.1) | < 0.01 |
Hematological failure on admission (%) | 198 (4.9) | 165 (8.2) | 33 (1.6) | < 0.01 |
Number of OF on admission, median [IQR] | 1 [0–3] | 2 [2, 3] | 0 [0–1] | < 0.01 |
SAPS II during ICU stay, median [IQR] | 46 [33–62] | 48 [36–63] | 44 [31–60] | < 0.01 |
Complications | ||||
Coma (%) | 2133 (52.6) | 1117 (55.7) | 1016 (49.7) | < 0.01 |
Focal sign without coma (%) | 779 (19.2) | 373 (18.6) | 406 (19.8) | 0.31 |
Brainstem failure (%) | 654 (16.1) | 356 (17.7) | 298 (14.6) | < 0.01 |
Seizure (%) | 488 (12) | 231 (11.5) | 257 (12.6) | 0.31 |
Vascular complication (%)a | 258 (6.4) | 150 (7.5) | 108 (5.3) | < 0.01 |
Purpura (%) | 160 (3.9) | 90 (4.5) | 70 (3.4) | 0.08 |
Hydrocephaly (%) | 53 (1.3) | 27 (1.3) | 26 (1.3) | 0.83 |
Neurosurgery (ICP and/or EVD) (%) | 255 (6.3) | 137 (6.8) | 118 (5.8) | 0.16 |
Associated infection | ||||
Respiratory infection (%) | 1411 (34.8) | 712 (35.5) | 699 (34.2) | 0.37 |
Cardiovascular infection (%) | 317 (7.8) | 139 (6.9) | 178 (8.7) | 0.04 |
Category of first hospital | ||||
Regional/universitary hospital (%) | 1529 (37.7) | 813 (40.5) | 716 (35) | < 0.01 |
Local (%) | 2079 (51.3) | 1059 (52.8) | 1020 (49.9) | . |
Other (%) | 444 (11) | 134 (6.7) | 310 (15.2) | . |
Transfers | ||||
Admission from home (%) | 3909 (96.5) | 1900 (94.7) | 2009 (98.2) | < 0.01 |
Admission from another hospital (%) | 139 (3.4) | 106 (5.3) | 33 (1.6) | < 0.01 |
Up category hospital (to regional hospital) (%) | 479 (24.4) | 171 (22.9) | 308 (25.3) | 0.23 |