Table 1 Characteristics of each study
Authors | Country | Sample size | Setting | Study period | Definition of sepsis | Definition of hyperdynamic state | Timing of echocardiogram | Definition of short-term outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Dugar 2023 | United States | 3151 | Retrospective single-center observational | January 2011–December 2020 | Sepsis-3 | LVEF ≥ 70% | Within 3 days of MICU admission | In-hospital mortality |
Chotalia 2022 | United Kingdom | 1014 | Retrospective single-center observational | April 2016–December 2019 | Sepsis-3 | LVEF > 70% | Within 7 days of sepsis | 90-day mortality |
Shin 2020 | Korea | 366 | Retrospective single-center observational | November 2016–December 2018 | Sepsis-3 | LVEF ≥ 70% | Within 48 h of sepsis | In-hospital mortality |
Chang 2015 | Taiwan | 111 | Prospective two-center observational | January 2011–July 2013 | Sepsis-2 | LVEF > 70% | Within 24 h of ICU admission | In-hospital mortality |