Table 1 Patients’ characteristics, procedures during ICU stay and outcomes
From: Recurrent ventilator-associated pneumonia in severe Covid-19 ARDS patients requiring ECMO support
Parameter | Patients N = 252 |
|---|---|
Age, years | 50 (42–57) |
Male sex | 173 (69) |
Body mass index, kg/m2 | 31.9 (27.8–38.1) |
Comorbidities | |
Hypertension | 97 (39) |
Diabetes | 77 (31) |
Immunocompromised | 18 (7) |
Vaccinated against SARS CoV-2 | 9 (4) |
Admission SAPS II | 61 (52–68) |
Admission SOFA score | 12 (9–13) |
Time from first symptoms to ICU admission, days | 7 (5–10) |
Time from ICU admission to intubation, days | 2 (0–6) |
Time from intubation to ECMO, days | 4 (1–7) |
Type of ECMO support | |
VV | 247 (98) |
Femoro-jugular | 238 (96) |
Femoro-femoral | 9 (4) |
VA | 3 (1) |
VAV | 2 (1) |
High-flow nasal oxygen before intubation | 175 (69) |
Non-invasive ventilation before intubation | 103 (41) |
Prone-positioning before ECMO | 229 (91) |
Prone-positioning on ECMO | 193 (77) |
Immunomodulatory drugs | |
Tocilizumab | 25 (10) |
Dexamethasone | 188 (75) |
Number of VAP episodes | |
0 | 26 (10) |
1 | 44 (18) |
2 | 49 (19) |
3 | 46 (18) |
4 | 34 (14) |
≥ 5 | 53 (21) |
Time from ICU admission to first VAP, days | 10 (6–15) |
Time from intubation to first VAP, days | 7 (3–11) |
Duration of ECMO support, days | 28 (12–46) |
Duration of mechanical ventilation, days | 44 (25–63) |
ICU length of stay, days | 49 (31–71) |
Successful ECMO weaning | 151 (60) |
ICU mortality rate | 111 (44) |