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Annals of Intensive Care

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients and infections at admission to the intensive care unit

From: Chronic alcohol exposure, infection, extended circulating white blood cells differentiated by flow cytometry and neutrophil CD64 expression: a prospective, descriptive study of critically ill medical patients

Characteristics

Not-at-risk drinkers

At-risk drinkers

P value

 

N = 178

N = 103

 

General characteristics

   

Age, median years (IQR)

58 (44–74)

61 (48–72)

0.64

Male, n (%)

101 (57)

78 (75)

0.001

SAPS II score, median points (IQR)

48 (33–60)

49 (35–59)

0.6

SOFA score, median points (IQR)

7 (4–10)

8 (4–11)

0.3

Biomarkers of alcoholism, median U/L (IQR)

   

GGT

47 (24–101)

76 (36–232)

0.0001

MCV

91 (88–94)

96 (92–102)

<0.0001

AST (x 1 ULN)

1.29 (0.84–3.11)

2.14 (1.03–5.79)

0.03

ALT (x 1 ULN)

0.84 (0.46–1.77)

1.11 (0.63–2.26)

0.03

Prothrombin ratio (%)

74 (46–85)

71 (51–83)

0.88

Serum albumin (g/L)

30 (26–34)

29 (24–34)

0.58

Comorbidities, n (%)

   

Current smoking

36 (20)

56 (54)

<0.0001

Underweight

20 (11)

11 (11)

0.88

Poor dental state

18 (10)

30 (29)

<0.0001

Alcoholic cirrhosis

12 (7)

13 (13)

0.1

Reason for admission, n (%)

  

0.4

Respiratory failure

63 (35)

41 (40)

 

Central nervous system disorder

45 (25)

20 (19)

 

Acute renal failure

10 (6)

4 (4)

 

Cardiogenic shock

12 (7)

14 (14)

 

Other

48 (27)

24 (23)

 

Infection at admission, n (%)

112 (63)

50 (48)

0.01

Site of infection, n (%)

  

0.4

Pleural-pulmonary

66 (37)

33 (32)

 

Central nervous system

14 (8)

2 (2)

 

Urinary tract

9 (5)

5 (5)

 

Other

23 (13)

10 (10)

 

Etiology of infection, n (%)

  

0.35

Gram-negative bacilli

38 (21)

9 (18)

 

Gram-positive cocci

41 (23)

20 (19)

 

Virus

11 (6)

4 (4)

 

Fungi

5 (3)

1 (1)

 

Unknown

17 (9)

6 (6)

 

Circulating WBC count, median x 109/L (IQR)

   

Neutrophils

11.45 (5.93–7.46)

9.94 (6.19–15.09)

0.44

B lymphocytes

0.19 (0.08–0.32)

0.13 (0.06–0.17)

0.002

Noncytotoxic T lymphocytes

0.59 (0.27–0.98)

0.49 (0.34–0.82)

0.6

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes

0.6 (0.3–0.12)

0.5 (0.3–0.1)

0.23

NK lymphocytes

0.4 (0.2–0.7)

0.4 (0.2–0.6)

0.38

CD16-negative monocytes

0.74 (0.4–1.14)

0.63 (0.32–1.21)

0.33

CD16-positive monocytes

0.09 (0.5–0.18)

0.11 (0.4–0.18)

0.92

Immature granulocytes

0.5 (0.2–0.24)

0.6 (0.2–0.19)

0.4

Neutrophil CD64 index >2, n (%)

70 (39)

35 (34)

0.38

Systemic inflammatory response, n (%)

  

0.1

No SIRS or sepsis

29 (16)

18 (18)

 

SIRS

37 (21)

35 (34)

 

Sepsis

59 (33)

28 (27)

 

Severe sepsis or septic shock

53 (30)

22 (10)

 
  1. ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; GGT, gamma-glutamyl transferase; IQR, interquartile ranges; MCV, mean corpuscular volume; NK, natural killer; SAPS II, Simplified Acute Physiology Score; SIRS, systemic inflammatory response syndrome; SOFA, sepsis-related organ failure assessment; ULN, upper limit of normal; WBC, white blood cells.
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