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Annals of Intensive Care

Table 5 General characteristics of the study cohort, and comparisons between patients

From: Incidence and prognosis of intra-abdominal hypertension in critically ill medical patients: a prospective epidemiological study

 

Study cohort

≥2 categorized risk factors

<2 categorized risk factors

p value

Patients (n, percent)

151 (100)

87 (57.6)

64 (42.4)

-

Age (years)

56.7 ± 17.5

55.8 ± 17.2

58 ± 17.9

NS

Male gender (n, percent)

106 (70.2)

66 (75.9)

40 (62.5)

NS

Body mass index (kilograms per square meter)

25.9 ± 5.3

26.3 ± 5.6

25.3 ± 4.9

NS

Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation score, points

20.1 ± 8.4

22.8 ± 7.9

16.5 ± 7.8

< .001

Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score on day 1, points

6.4 ± 3.9

7.9 ± 3.9

4.4 ± 2.7

< .001

Number of organ failures on day 1, points

3 ± 1.3

3.2 ± 1.3

2.2 ± 1.1

< .001

Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score maximum, points

8.1 ± 5.2

10.5 ± 5.1

4.8 ± 3.1

< .001

Number of organ failures maximum, points

3 ± 1.5

3.8 ± 1.5

2.3 ± 1.1

< .001

Positive cumulative fluid balance during ICU stay

59 (39.1)

34 (39)

25 (39)

NS

ICU stay (days)a

5 (3-12)

9 (4-25)

3 (2-4)

< .001

Hospital stay (days)a

16 (9-37)

24 (4-55)

13 (8-21)

= .001

Hospital mortality (n, percent)

42 (27.8)

36 (41.4)

6 (14.3)

< .001

Number of categorized risk factors

    

   On admission

1.7 ± 1.0

2.4 ± 0.9

0.8 ± 0.4

< .001

   During ICU stay

2.0 ± 1.1

2.8 ± 0.8

0.8 ± 0.3

< .001

Risk factors during ICU stayb (n, percent)

    

   Diminished abdominal wall compliance

114 (75.5)

83 (95.4)

31 (48.4)

< .001

Mechanical ventilation

104 (68.9)

77 (88.5)

27 (42.2)

< .001

Head of bed > 30°

135 (89.4)

83 (95.4)

52 (81.3)

= .005

Body mass index ≥30 kg/m2

36 (23.8)

26 (29.9)

10 (15.6)

= .04

   Increased intraluminal contents

44 (29.1)

44 (50.6)

0 (0)

< .001

Gastroparesis

37 (24.5)

37 (42.5)

0 (0)

< .001

Ileus

21 (13.9)

21 (24.1)

0 (0)

< .001

   Increased abdominal contents

26 (17.2)

26 (29.9)

0 (0)

< .001

Ascites/liver dysfunction

14 (9.3)

14 (16.1)

0 (0)

= .001

Ascites of other causes

4 (2.6)

4 (4.6)

0 (0)

NS

   Capillary leak syndrome/fluid resuscitation

97 (64.2)

79 (90.8)

18 (28.1)

< .001

Acidosis

32 (21.2)

28 (32.2)

4 (6.3)

< .001

Hypotension

68 (45)

61 (70.1)

7 (10.9)

< .001

Hypothermia

7 (4.6)

7 (8)

0 (0)

= .01

Multiple transfusions

3 (2)

3 (3.4)

0 (0)

NS

Coagulopathy

48 (31.8)

40 (46)

8 (12.5)

< .001

Massive fluid resuscitation

49 (32.5)

40 (46)

9 (14.1)

< .001

Acute pancreatitis

5 (3.3)

5 (5.7)

0 (0)

NS

Oliguria

43 (28.5)

35 (40.2)

8 (12.5)

< .001

Sepsis

68 (45)

56 (64.4)

12 (18.8)

< .001

  1. General characteristics of the study cohort, and comparisons between patients with ≥2 vs. <2 categorized risk factors for intra-abdominal hypertension. aData are presented as median and interquartile range. bAbdominal surgery with primary fascial or tight closure, major trauma, major burns, prone positioning, colonic pseudo-obstruction, hemoperitoneum or pneumoperitoneum; other intra-abdominal injuries and damage control laparotomy are not included due to the very low number of patients with these risk factors. APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation; CRF, categorized risk factors; IAH, intra-abdominal hypertension; ICU, intensive care unit; NS, not significant; SOFA, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation, unless otherwise indicated.
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