Table 2 Etiology of elevated CK values in the ICU

Recent surgery

39.5

84.1*

78.1*

59.4*

Cardiac

5.5

54.9*

31.4*

8.4

Abdominal

12.4

21.8*

27.8*

22.2

Vascular

6.6

5.8

5.1

16.7

Orthopedic

1

2.3

5.2*

12.9*

Thoracic

2.9

20*

19.1*

1

Neurologic

12.2

13.4

10.4

3.7

Other

3.1

2.8

3.1

1.8

Muscle ischemia

9.5

12.9

19.1*

49.9*

Arterial occlusion

5

3.7

2.6

9.3

Venous occlusion

1.6

2.4

0.5

0

Compartment syndrome

0

1.1*

1*

9.3*

Immobilization

1.6

1.5

2.6

3.7

Prolonged surgery

1.3

4.5*

12.9*

25.9*

Resuscitation

5.3

6.3

9.3*

11.1*

Trauma

2.4

7.5*

13.9*

16.7*

Blunt trauma

2.1

7.1*

13.4*

14.8*

Penetrating trauma

0.5

1.1

1

1.9

Infectious

48.8

52.4

51

42.6

Severe sepsis and septic shock

10.6

9.7

16*

20.4

Necrotizing fasciitis

0.3

0.4

1

1.9

Gram-positive infection

12.5

8.6

13.4

16.7

Gram-negative infection

25.7

18.8

17

25.9

Use of drugs and toxins

4.1

5.8

4

5.6

Ethanol

0.8

1.3

1.5

1.9

Cocaine

0.3

0.4

0.5

0

Heroine

0

0.4

0.5

0

Other/unknown

3

3.7

1.5

3.7