Timing of (supplemental) parenteral nutrition in critically ill patients: a systematic review

Annals of Intensive Care

Table 5 Mortality end points in included studies and results for EPN, LPN and EN groups

Outcome	Study	Study arms			Significance of results
Outcome	Study	EPN	LPN	EN	Significance of results
Mortality in ICU (%)	Casaer 2011[13]	6.3	6.1	x	p = 0.76
Mortality in ICU (%)	Heidegger 2013 [15]	x	0.5	7.0	p = 0.2118
Mortality in hospital (%)	Casaer 2011[13]	10.9	10.4	x	p = 0.63
Mortality at discharge (%)	Casaer 2011[13]	28.3	24.8	x	p = 0.007 (discharge from ICU)
Mortality at discharge (%)	Kutsogiannis 2011 [16]	NR	NR	NR	EPN vs EN: HR 0.75; 95% CI 0.59 to 0.96; LPN vs EN: HR 0.64, 95% CI 0.51 to 0.81 (discharge from hospital)
Mortality at day 28 (%)	Heidegger 2013 [15]	x	13.0	18.0	p = 0.1193
Mortality at day 60 (%)	Cahill 2011 [12]	42.2	27.9	34.2	p = 0.17
Mortality at day 60 (%)	Kutsogiannis 2011 [16]	34.6	35.3	27.8	p = 0.02^†
Mortality at day 90 (%)	Bauer 2000 [11]	28.0	x	30.0	no p-value, ns
Mortality at day 90 (%)	Casaer 2011[13]	11.2	11.2	x	p = 1.00
Mortality at 2 years (%)	Bauer 2000 [11]	40.0	x	40.0	no p-value, ns

EPN, early parenteral nutrition; LPN, late parenteral nutrition; EN, enteral nutrition; ICU, intensive care unit; x, not applicable; p, p-value; ns, nonsignificant; NR, not reported; vs, versus; HR, hazard ratio; 95% CI, 95% confidence interval. NB: studies used different definitions for EPN, LPN and EN. ^†, comparing EN versus LPN.