A ventilator strategy combining low tidal volume ventilation, recruitment maneuvers, and high positive end-expiratory pressure does not increase sedative, opioid, or neuromuscular blocker use in adults with acute respiratory distress syndrome and may improve patient comfort

Annals of Intensive Care

Table 2 Intravenous sedative and opioid administration on days 1, 3, and 7

Variables	Day 1			Day 3			Day 7
	Intervention	Control	Pvalue	Intervention	Control	Pvalue	Intervention	Control	Pvalue
	N=218	N=226	Pvalue	N=203	N=219	Pvalue	N=144	N=163	Pvalue
Any sedation^a, n (%)	199 (91.3)	208 (92.0)	0.96	178 (87.7)	192 (87.7)	0.99	115 (79.9)	127 (77.9)	0.68
Midazolam
mg, median (IQR)	92 (32 to 194)	81 (36 to 157)	0.30	118 (46 to 240)	101 (34 to 240)	0.20	107 (24 to 240)	193 (52.5 to 352)	0.06
n	172	178		145	162		94	100
Lorazepam
mg, median (IQR)	7 (3 to 19)	12 (4 to 35)	0.31	5 (2 to 12)	8 (2 to 32)	0.49	9 (3 to 24)	9 (2 to 48)	0.90
n	23	32		19	35		20	26
Propofol
mg, median (IQR)	1,040 (200 to 2,470)	860 (260 to 2,160)	0.48	1,300 (280 to 2,830)	1,340 (285 to 2,840)	0.69	1,180 (270 to 3,125)	1,758 (470 to 3,250)	0.98
n	50	49		55	44		41	33
Any opioid^b, n (%)	182 (83.5)	193 (85.4)	0.74	161 (79.3)	180 (82.2)	0.45	104 (72.2)	120 (73.6)	0.78
Morphine
mg, median (IQR)	72 (124 to 176)	89 (25 to 178)	0.83	96 (40 to 240)	80 (32 to 212)	0.97	95 (24.5 to 237.5)	94 (26.5 to 249)	0.30
n	134	131		118	121		84	80
Fentanyl
mcg, median (IQR)	1,600 (690 to 3,225)	1,270 (550 to 3,100)	0.47	2,495 (495 to 4,350)	2,728 (760 to 4,800)	0.40	3,072 (1,335 to 4,100)	2,240 (580 to 5,200)	0.51
n	60	58		46	58		20	40
Hydromorphone
mg, median (IQR)	4 (4 to 4)	72 (8 to 97)	0.44	34 (2 to 65)	98 (40 to 136)	0.44	5 (5 to 5)	69 (49 to 88)	0.60
n	1	3		2	3		1	2

In this table, we present the percentage of patients receiving any sedation, any opioid, and median daily doses of sedatives and opioids in the two groups, on days 1, 3, and 7. The total N for each group at each timepoint represents the number of patients for whom data was reported. Doses are presented as median and interquartile range (IQR). n represents the number of patients receiving the sedative/opioid agent on the corresponding day. ^aSedation includes any of the following agents: lorazepam, midazolam, propofol, ketamine, clonazepam, and diazepam. ^bOpioids include morphine, meperidine, fentanyl, sufentanil, alfentanil, and codeine.