Multiplex PCR performed of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid increases pathogen identification rate in critically ill patients with pneumonia: a pilot study

Baudel, Jean-Luc; Tankovic, Jacques; Dahoumane, Redouane; Carrat, Fabrice; Galbois, Arnaud; Ait-Oufella, Hafid; Offenstadt, Georges; Guidet, Bertrand; Maury, Eric

doi:10.1186/s13613-014-0035-7

Annals of Intensive Care

Table 4 Pathogens identified by direct examination, culture, and/or MPCR according to previous administration of antibiotic therapy

From: Multiplex PCR performed of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid increases pathogen identification rate in critically ill patients with pneumonia: a pilot study

Pt	Previous antibiotic therapy	Direct exam	Culture	MPCR	Other positive microbiological specimen	Final identification
1	Yes	0	0	E. coli/P. aeruginosa	TA E. coli/P. aeruginosa	Yes
1	Yes	0	0	E. coli/P. aeruginosa	1 day before BAL	Yes
2	Yes	0	0	S. aureus	No	Yes
3	No	GPD	S. pneumoniae 10⁴/mL	S. pneumoniae	No	Yes
4	No	GPD	S. pneumoniae 10⁵/mL	S. pneumoniae	No	Yes
5	Yes	0	0	P. aeruginosa	Blood culture P. aeruginosa	Yes
5	Yes	0	0	P. aeruginosa	1 day before BAL	Yes
6	Yes	0	0	E. cloacae	No	Yes
7	Yes	0	0	0	AgU S. pneumoniae	Yes
					On BAL day
8	Yes	GNB	E. coli 10³/mL	E. coli	Blood culture E. coli	Yes
					On BAL day
9	Yes	0	0	0	No	No
10	Yes	0	S. aureus 10⁴/mL/P. aeruginosa 10³/mL	S. aureus/P. aeruginosa	No	Yes
11	No	0	0	E. coli/Klebsiella spp./S. aureus	TA S. aureus/Klebsiella spp.	Yes
					On BAL day
12	Yes	0	0	E. cloacae/S. aureus	TA E. cloacae	Yes
	Yes	0	0	E. cloacae/S. aureus	On BAL day	Yes
13	No	GNB	E. coli 10⁵/mL	E. coli	No	Yes
14	Yes	0	0	0	No	No
15	No	0	S. pneumoniae 10⁶/mL	S. pneumoniae	No	Yes
16	Yes	0	0	S. marcescens/E. coli	TA S. marcescens/E. coli	Yes
16	Yes	0	0	S. marcescens/E. coli	1 day before BAL	Yes
17	Yes	P . *jirovecii*	0	0	No	Yes
18	No	0	*Haemophilus* 10⁵/mL	0	No	Yes
19	No	0	S. pneumoniae 10⁵/mL	S. pneumoniae	No	Yes
20	Yes	GNB	E. cloacae 10³/mL	E. cloacae	No	Yes
21	Yes	0	0	S. pneumoniae	AgU S. pneumoniae	Yes
					On BAL day
22	Yes	0	0	0	No	No
23	No	GPD	S. pneumoniae 10⁴/mL	S. pneumoniae	Blood culture S. pneumoniae	Yes
23	No	GPD	S. pneumoniae 10⁴/mL	S. pneumoniae	On BAL day	Yes
24	Yes	GPD	S. pneumoniae 10³/mL	S. pneumoniae	AgU S. pneumoniae	Yes
					1 day after BAL
25	Yes	0	0	0	No	No
26	No	0	*Haemophilus* 10³/mL	0	No	Yes
27	Yes	0	0	P. aeruginosa	Blood culture P. aeruginosa	Yes
					On BAL day
28	Yes	0	0	E. coli	No	Yes
29	Yes	0	S. pneumoniae 10²/mL	S. pneumoniae	AgU S. pneumoniae	Yes
29	Yes	0	S. pneumoniae 10²/mL	S. pneumoniae	The same day	Yes
30	Yes	0	0	E. coli	Blood culture E. coli	Yes
30	Yes	0	0	E. coli	1 day before BAL	Yes
31	No	0	*Haemophilus* 10⁵/mL	0	No	Yes
32	Yes	0	0	S. aureus	No	Yes
33	Yes	0	0	S. pneumoniae	No	Yes
34	Yes	0	0	0	PCR P . *jirovecii*	Yes
					4 days after
35	Yes	0	0	K. pneumoniae	No	Yes
36	No	0	S. aureus 10⁵/mL	S. aureus	No	Yes
37	Yes	0	0	S. pneumoniae	No	Yes
38	Yes	0	H . *alvei* 10⁴/mL	0	No	Yes
39	Yes	0	0	0	PCR H1N1	Yes
					2 days after
40	Yes	0	0	S. aureus	No	Yes
41	Yes	0	0	P. aeruginosa	No	Yes
42	Yes	0	K. pneumoniae 10⁴/mL	K. pneumoniae	No	Yes
43	No	0	0	S. pneumoniae	AgU S. pneumoniae	Yes
43	No	0	0	S. pneumoniae	The same day	Yes
44	Yes	0	0	0	No	No
45	Yes	0	*L. pneumophila*	0	No	Yes
46	Yes	P . *jirovecii*	0	0	No	Yes
47	Yes	GPC	S. epidermidis 10⁵/mL	S. epidermidis	Blood culture S. epidermidis	Yes
47	Yes	GPC	S. epidermidis 10⁵/mL	S. epidermidis	1 day before BAL	Yes
48	No	GNB	E. coli 10⁶/mL	E. coli	No	Yes
49	No	GNB	*Haemophilus* 10⁵/mL	0	No	Yes
50	Yes	0	0	S. marcescens	TA S. marcescens	Yes
					On BAL day
51	Yes	0	0	0	TA *Haemophilus*	Yes
51	Yes	0	0	0	1 day before BAL	Yes
52	Yes	0	0	0	TA S. pneumoniae	Yes
52	Yes	0	0	0	On BAL day	Yes
53	Yes	0	0	E. coli	Blood culture E. coli	Yes
					1 day after

GPD, gram-positive diplococci; GNB, gram-negative bacilli; GPC, gram-positive cocci; TA, tracheal aspirate; AgU S. pneumoniae, urinary antigen test for S. pneumoniae. The date following the samples corresponds to the day when the sample was performed. Bold lines represent the pathogens not included in the detection panel of the MPCR assay.

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