Factor | Example |
---|---|
Environmental noise | Staff conversations and monitoring alarms |
Prolonged exposure to low levels of artificial light | Â |
Inflammatory mediators | Â |
Pain | Â |
Pharmacological agents | Sedative, opioids, benzodiazepines and inotropes |
Mechanical ventilation | Â |
Increased cortisol release | Â |
Decreased endogenous melatonin levels | Â |
Critical illness | Â |
Clinical interactions | Vital sign monitoring, pathological investigations and medication administration |