Table 2 Comparison of patients according to outcome
Rapid favorable outcome, N = 81 | Non-favorable outcome, N = 31 | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics of the patients | |||
Age, years | 71.9 ± 13.1 | 76.7 ± 14.6 | 0.21 |
Male gender, n (%) | 42 (52 %) | 15 (48 %) | 0.83 |
SAPS II, points | 36.2 ± 11.8 | 41.9 ± 16.1 | 0.06 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 25.7 ± 5.7 | 26.3 ± 6.5 | 0.94 |
Smoker, n (%) | 28 (35 %) | 12 (39 %) | 0.83 |
Underlying ischemic cardiopathy, n (%) | 40 (49 %) | 15 (48 %) | >0.99 |
LVEF, % | 41 ± 14 | 42 ± 14 | 0.69 |
Reason for CPE | |||
Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 8 (9.9 %) | 3 (9.7 %) | >0.99 |
Acute myocardial infarction, n (%) | 8 (9.9 %) | 0 | 0.10 |
Hypertensive crisis, n (%) | 11 (13.6 %) | 3 (9.7 %) | 0.75 |
Overload, n (%) | 21 (25.9 %) | 5 (16.1 %) | 0.33 |
Infection of respiratory tract, n (%) | 8 (9.9 %) | 6 (19.4 %) | 0.21 |
Other, n (%) | 8 (9.9 %) | 7 (22.6 %) | 0.12 |
Unidentified factor, n (%) | 17 (21.0 %) | 7 (22.6 %) | >0.99 |
At admission | |||
Respiratory rate, cycles/min | 32 ± 7 | 32 ± 6 | 0.96 |
Heart rate, beats/min | 102 ± 27 | 103 ± 19 | 0.69 |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 154 ± 37 | 153 ± 32 | 0.93 |
Glasgow coma scale, points | 14.5 ± 1.9 | 14.3 ± 1.9 | 0.16 |
pH, units | 7.33 ± 0.11 | 7.31 ± 0.11 | 0.27 |
PaO2, mmHg | 100 ± 60 | 113 ± 81 | 0.64 |
PaCO2, mmHg | 47 ± 15 | 55 ± 22 | 0.16 |
PaCO2 >45 mmHg, n (%) | 38 (47 %) | 18 (58 %) | 0.40 |
PaCO2 >60 mmHg, n (%) | 12 (15 %) | 13 (42 %) | <0.01 |
Bicarbonates, mmol/L | 25.3 ± 4.7 | 28.0 ± 8.8 | 0.25 |
N-terminal pro-BNP, ng/L | 21,398 ± 37,463 | 23,115 ± 39,739 | 0.48 |
Troponin, μg/L | 0.22 ± 0.88 | 0.32 ± 1.21 | 0.67 |
At initiation of NIV | |||
Heart rate, beats/min | 100 ± 25 | 98 ± 19 | 0.70 |
Systolic blood pressure, mmHg | 142 ± 32 | 136 ± 26 | 0.66 |
Altered consciousness (RASS <0), n (%) | 8 (10 %) | 5 (16 %) | 0.51 |
Respiratory rate, cycles/min | 30 ± 8 | 30 ± 6 | 0.92 |
Expiratory tidal volume, ml | 568 ± 151 | 513 ± 114 | 0.047 |
Minute ventilation, L/min | 16.4 ± 5.6 | 15.3 ± 6.4 | 0.25 |
Pressure-support level, cm H2O | 8.2 ± 1.9 | 10.2 ± 2.9 | <0.01 |
PEEP level, cm H2O | 4.8 ± 1.7 | 4.7 ± 1.8 | 0.60 |
FiO2, % | 66 ± 25 | 59 ± 27 | 0.27 |
pH, units | 7.40 ± 0.09 | 7.36 ± 0.08 | 0.015 |
PaCO2, mmHg | 41 ± 11 | 50 ± 16 | 0.017 |
PaCO2 >45 mmHg | 11/71 (15 %) | 16/31 (52 %) | <0.01 |
PaO2/FiO2, mmHg | 243 ± 99 | 235 ± 98 | 0.67 |
PaO2/FiO2 ≤200 mmHg | 27/71 (38 %) | 10/31 (32 %) | 0.66 |
Patients’ outcome | |||
NIV duration, days | 1.0 [1.0–2.0] | 3.0 [3.0–4.0] | <0.01 |
ICU Length of stay, days | 3.0 [2.0–5.0] | 7.0 [5.0–9.5] | <0.01 |