Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the patients at admission in the intensive care unit
From: An observational study of adult admissions to a medical ICU due to adverse drug events
Characteristics | Total (n = 743) | Preventable ADE (n = 102) | Unpreventable ADE (n = 71) | Control (n = 570) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Preventable–unpreventable | Preventable–control | Unpreventable–control | |||||
Age (median [IQR]) | 65 [51; 78] | 63 [47; 77] | 65 [55; 75] | 65 [50; 78] | 0.60 | 0.63 | 0.92 |
Gender (males/females; sex ratio) | 427/316; 1.35 | 50/52; 0.96 | 43/28; 1.53 | 334/236; 1.42 | 0.16 | 8.2 × 10−2 | 0.80 |
Number of underlying disease(s) [n (%)] | 1.2 × 10−2 | 5.7 × 10−3 | 6.7 × 10−9 | ||||
0 | 95 (13 %) | 5 (5 %) | 0 (0 %) | 90 (16 %) | |||
1 | 200 (27 %) | 27 (27 %) | 9 (12 %) | 164 (29 %) | |||
2 | 234 (31 %) | 34 (33 %) | 25 (35 %) | 176 (31 %) | |||
≥3 | 214 (29 %) | 36 (35 %) | 38 (53 %) | 140 (24 %) | |||
Underlying disease(s) [n (%)] | |||||||
Cardiovascular risk factors | 415 (56 %) | 66 (65 %) | 48 (66 %) | 302 (53 %) | 0.87 | 3.1 × 10−2 | 4.3 × 10−2 |
Chronic heart failure | 87 (12 %) | 18 (18 %) | 15 (21 %) | 54 (9 %) | 0.56 | 2.2 × 10−2 | 6.8 × 10−3 |
Chronic renal failure | 118 (16 %) | 20 (20 %) | 18 (25 %) | 80 (14 %) | 0.46 | 0.17 | 2.1 × 10−2 |
Chronic respiratory disease | 119 (16 %) | 13 (13 %) | 7 (10 %) | 99 (17 %) | 0.63 | 0.31 | 0.12 |
Neuropsychiatric disease | 181 (24 %) | 30 (30 %) | 13 (18 %) | 138 (24 %) | 0.11 | 0.27 | 0.30 |
Cirrhosis | 84 (11 %) | 10 (10 %) | 18 (25 %) | 80 (14 %) | 1.1 × 10−2 | 3.9 × 10−2 | 4.7 × 10−3 |
Solid tumor | 109 (15 %) | 12 (12 %) | 14 (20 %) | 83 (15 %) | 0.20 | 0.54 | 0.29 |
Hematological malignancy | 104 (14 %) | 15 (15 %) | 28 (38 %) | 62 (11 %) | 5.8 × 10−4 | 0.30 | 4.2 × 10−8 |
Immunodeficiency | 188 (25 %) | 32 (31 %) | 47 (66 %) | 109 (19 %) | 6.7 × 10−6 | 7.9 × 10−3 | 1.4 × 10−15 |
McCabe score [n (%)] | 1.6 × 10−3 | 0.55 | 6.7 × 10−5 | ||||
No fatal underlying disease | 413 (56 %) | 63 (62 %) | 27 (38 %) | 323 (57 %) | |||
Underlying disease with expected life <5 years | 239 (32 %) | 28 (27 %) | 23 (32 %) | 188 (33 %) | |||
Underlying disease with expected life <1 year | 91 (12 %) | 11 (11 %) | 21 (30 %) | 59 (10 %) | |||
SAPS II (median [IQR]) | 40[29; 54] | 42 [32; 51] | 47 [37; 61] | 40 [28; 54] | 1.3 × 10−2 | 0.44 | 7.7 × 10−4 |
SOFA score (median [IQR]) | 5 [3; 9] | 5 [3; 9] | 7 [4; 10] | 5 [2; 8] | 1.8 × 10−2 | 0.19 | 1.4 × 10−4 |
Patients’ origin [n (%)] | 5.2 × 10−3 | 0.66 | 1.5 × 10−3 | ||||
Direct admission (ED; home) | 400 (54 %) | 59 (58 %) | 26 (35 %) | 316 (55 %) | |||
Secondary admission (ward, other hospitals) | 343 (46 %) | 43 (42 %) | 45 (65 %) | 254 (45 %) | |||
Main reason for admission [n (%)] | 1.5 × 10−4 | 3.8 × 10−8 | 1.2 × 10−2 | ||||
Acute respiratory failure | 259 (35 %) | 24 (24 %) | 20 (28 %) | 215 (38 %) | |||
Metabolic disorders | 95 (13 %) | 32 (31 %) | 6 (8 %) | 57 (10 %) | |||
Cardiac arrest | 22 (3 %) | 5 (5 %) | 3 (4 %) | 14 (2 %) | |||
Neurologic disorders | 162 (22 %) | 26 (25 %) | 14 (19 %) | 122 (21 %) | |||
Shock | 172 (23 %) | 15 (15 %) | 28 (40 %) | 129 (23 %) | |||
Other | 33 (4 %) | 0 (0 %) | 0 (0 %) | 33 (6 %) | |||